ABSTRACT
Background: Characterized by atheromatous narrowing and hardening of arteries supplying blood to the legs and feet. Diabetes, along with other risk factors such as hypertension and smoking, exacerbates the prevalence and severity of PAD, leading to decreased blood flow and subsequent tissue injury. The prevalence of PAD in diabetics rises with age, underscoring the importance of early detection and management strategies. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler and MDCT Angiography in assessing lower limb peripheral arterial diseases. Conducted over twenty-four months, the cross-sectional study involved clinically suspected symptomatic cases aged 30 years and above, presenting at a tertiary care center. Patients underwent thorough clinical examination and demographic assessment before undergoing Color Doppler flowmetric studies and MDCT angiography. Results: Results revealed that color Doppler, with its ability to measure wall thickness and vascular flow, demonstrated promising diagnostic efficacy compared to MDCT angiography. Additionally, follow-up records of patients undergoing medical or surgical interventions provided valuable insights into the practical utility of these imaging modalities in guiding clinical management decisions. Conclusions: Overall, this study underscores the importance of non-invasive imaging techniques in diagnosing and evaluating the progression of peripheral arterial diseases. It suggests that Color Doppler Ultrasound, with its accessibility, low cost, and radiation-free nature, could serve as a suitable alternative to MDCT Angiography for assessing arterial characteristics in patients with PAD.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.
Resumo O farelo de soja é uma proteína de origem vegetal de baixo custo que tem sido usada em dietas práticas como um substituto da proteína animal, como farinha de peixe ou farinha de frango, devido ao preço não econômico das dietas com proteína animal. Consequentemente, um estudo/pesquisa foi realizado com algumas espécies comerciais de carpas principais indianas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822), para estimar a necessidade ideal de proteína dietética de farelo de soja na dieta em uma policultura intensiva. Três dietas diferentes (SBM I, SBM II e SBM III) foram formuladas por 80%, 50% e 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja de uma dieta de 45% de farinha de peixe (controle). O maior ganho de peso médio mensal foi obtido por SBM II (com 35% PB e cerca de 50% de substituição de farinha de peixe), enquanto SBM III (45% de proteína bruta e cerca de 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe) ficou em segundo lugar. Todas as dietas testadas respondem enormemente produzindo alto rendimento em comparação com a dieta controle, embora SBM II tenha gerado o maior rendimento entre todas. Com base na pesquisa a seguir, foi revelado que o SBM pode substituir até 50% da farinha de peixe sem qualquer aumento de outros aminoácidos na dieta das carpas principais indianas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carps , Cyprinidae , Glycine max , Seafood , Diet/veterinary , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
Abstract Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.
Resumo O farelo de soja é uma proteína de origem vegetal de baixo custo que tem sido usada em dietas práticas como um substituto da proteína animal, como farinha de peixe ou farinha de frango, devido ao preço não econômico das dietas com proteína animal. Consequentemente, um estudo/pesquisa foi realizado com algumas espécies comerciais de carpas principais indianas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822), para estimar a necessidade ideal de proteína dietética de farelo de soja na dieta em uma policultura intensiva. Três dietas diferentes (SBM I, SBM II e SBM III) foram formuladas por 80%, 50% e 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja de uma dieta de 45% de farinha de peixe (controle). O maior ganho de peso médio mensal foi obtido por SBM II (com 35% PB e cerca de 50% de substituição de farinha de peixe), enquanto SBM III (45% de proteína bruta e cerca de 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe) ficou em segundo lugar. Todas as dietas testadas respondem enormemente produzindo alto rendimento em comparação com a dieta controle, embora SBM II tenha gerado o maior rendimento entre todas. Com base na pesquisa a seguir, foi revelado que o SBM pode substituir até 50% da farinha de peixe sem qualquer aumento de outros aminoácidos na dieta das carpas principais indianas.
ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory airway disorder often leading to type II respiratory failure (RF). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is crucial in COPD management. This study compares T (Timed), ST (Spontaneous-Timed), and iVAPS (Intelligent volume assured pressure support) modes. Method: A prospective, experimental, comparative study spanned two years. One hundred COPD patients with Type 2 RF were randomized into three groups: T mode (n=33), ST mode (n=33), and iVAPS mode (n=34). Outcome assessment included clinical, hematological parameters, and intubation rate. Result: The study revealed varying degrees of success among the three modes of NIV. iVAPS mode demonstrated the highest success rate, with 79.4% of cases achieving positive outcomes. Noteworthy improvements were observed in respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the iVAPS group after 12 hours of NIV. Both the ST mode and iVAPS mode showed significant increases in pH levels, with a more pronounced improvement seen in the iVAPS group. Additionally, a substantial reduction in pCO2 levels after BiPAP was noted in the iVAPS group. The intubation rate was lowest in the iVAPS group, though the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: iVAPS mode demonstrated superior outcomes, including significant improvements in RR, SpO2, pH, and pCO2. While the intubation rate was lowest in the iVAPS group, statistical significance was not achieved. iVAPS emerges as a promising alternative, potentially averting the need for invasive ventilation. Larger, diverse studies are needed to validate these findings.
ABSTRACT
In this narrative, I step into the shoes of someone who has lived with gynaecomastia — male breasts. Using the imaginary character of Aarav, I reflect on the themes of the stigma associated with body image, the courage to face it, and the role human relationships can play in fostering self-acceptance.
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Osteoma is the most frequent benign tumor of paranasal sinuses. Usually osteomas are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during radiological imaging for other reasons. A giant osteoma with intraorbital extension is rare. Plain radiograph may be useful; however CT scan is the best modality of investigation for diagnosing and treatment planning. In asymptomatic osteomas, serial follow-up can be done. Surgery is performed in the presence of symptoms and signs. We report a case of 60 years old woman with a large osteoma of right ethmoid sinus extending into the ipsilateral orbital cavity.
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We report a interesting case of antenatal diagnosis of achondrpoplasia in a young multigravida who presented with term pregnancy for routine ultrasound assessment which revealed a single, live intrauterine fetus with a discrepancy between femur length (FL) and biparietal diameter (BPD), narrowing of the interpeduncular distance. The diagnosis of achondroplasia was made with a sonological skeletal survey and findings were correlated with radiological skeletal survey after the baby was delivered.
ABSTRACT
Myositis ossificans is a rare disease in which manifests as heterotopic bone formation within a muscle and is rarely found in the head or neck regions, including the masticator muscle. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients of trauma with severe limitation of jaw opening. Panoramic radiographs and axial and coronal computed tomography (CT) scans can effectively delineate the calcified mass. Other imaging studies that may be helpful include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scans, and ultrasound.
ABSTRACT
Isolated orbital hydatid cyst is a rare manifestation most commonly situated in superomedial and superolateral angles of orbit. We report a case of a 24 years old female with a large retrobulbar orbital hydatid cyst causing proptosis which was not associated with any cyst in other organs. USG and CT scan aids to diagnosis while surgical excision and histopathology confirms the diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute necrotizing parenchymal and perirenal infection and is caused by gas-forming organisms. Diabetes mellitus and ureteric obstruction are the predisposing factors for EPN. Computerized tomography (CT) scan is the modality of choice in diagnosing the disease, determining the extent of infection and helps in management. We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis in 52 years old man with emphasis on plain radiographic and CT scan findings.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypothyroidism is an important public health problem in Bangladesh. It is associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis and other complications. The frank development of hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic derangements including dyslipidemia- which is an etiopathologic factor for development of renal impairment. This study was to evaluate whether hypothyroidism is associated with impaired renal function. Methods: Using a cross sectional analytical study design, a total of 111 subjects attending Out Patient Department, Center for Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Bogra Medical College during January 2007 to December 2007 were included purposively. Eighty newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients (Group I) and 31 healthy adults (Group II) were enrolled in this study. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone and serum free thyroxine were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Serum fasting lipid profile, serum creatinine and serum uric acid were estimated by enzymatic colorimetric method. Estimated GFR was calculated using MDRD equation. Results: The mean (±SD) age of in Group I and Group II were 35.59 (±6.91) and 37.35 (±2.78) years and were comparable. In Group I, there were 66 females and 14 males. In Group II, there were 16 females and 15 males. The mean BMI was 25.49 ±2.17 kg/m2 in Group I and 24.24 ±1.99 kg/m2 in Group II. The mean (±SD) Serum total-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and tryacylglycerol in Group I were significantly higher than that in Group II. Serum HDL cholesterol in Group I was significantly lower than that in Group II (p<0.001). The mean (±SD) serum creatinine was significantly higher in Group I than Group II (P<0.001). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in Group I compared to Group II (p=0.011). In Group I (Hypothyroid), there were significant correlations of BMI, S Total-Cholesterol, S HDLCholesterol, S LDL-Cholesterol, S triglycerides and S creatinine with serum TSH level. In Group I (Hypothyroid), there were significant positive correlations of BMI and TSH with serum creatinine. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is associated with dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and impaired renal function. Therefore, patients presenting with these biochemical abnormalities are recommended to be investigated for hypothyroidism and vice versa.
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Effect of feeding orally the aqueous extract of beans of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba was investigated on fasting blood glucose levels in glucose loaded, normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats and compared with gliclazide, a reference drug. The aqueous extract of beans at 250 mg/kg body wt significantly lowered blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats within 3 hr of administration. Continued administration of the extract at the same dose daily for 10 days produced statistically significant reduction in the blood glucose levels while marginal activity was seen in normal and glucose-loaded rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Cyamopsis/chemistry , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Female , Gliclazide/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Male , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Bone mineral densitometry was done in 217 women in their menopausal period using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method. All the patients were presented with different post menopausal syndromes. Quantification of bone mineral density were done in proximal femur and lumber spines of all the patients along with plain X-ray of the sites. One hundred and thirty nine patients showed normal bone mineral density in our study. Rest 78 patients showed declination of bone mineral density from mild osteopenia to severe osteoporosis. We conclude that Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral measurement is an unique, non-invasive method in detecting bone mass disorder in post-menopausal women with low back pain and should be the first choice of investigation, for the earliest detection of bone loss and thus fracture risk can be reduced by appropriate management.
Subject(s)
Absorptiometry, Photon , Bone Density/physiology , Female , Fractures, Bone/etiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis/complications , Postmenopause/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD) in Bangladesh is not known. We evaluated the prevalence of GSD and its relation with certain factors in a rural community in Bangladesh. METHODS: A total of 1332 persons aged 15 years and above from two villages were invited to participate in the study; 1,058 (80%) subjects responded after three invitations. Each subject answered a questionnaire, including demographic features, and underwent an upper abdominal ultrasound examination. RESULTS: GSD (current cholelithiasis and history of cholecystectomy) was detected in 5.4% of subjects. The prevalence was higher in women (7.7%) than in men (3.3%; p=0.002) The prevalence rates increased from 0.9% to 10% (p=0.0124) from those aged <30 years to those >50 years. A larger proportion of obese subjects (25/52; 48.1%) had GSD than non-obese subjects (32/1006; 3.2%). Prevalence in low, middle and high socio-economic classes was 1.5%, 5.7% and 13.4%, respectively (p=0.000). A majority (71.9%) of subjects with GSD were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Approximately 5% of the Bangladeshi rural community evaluated have GSD. Higher age, female gender, presence of obesity and higher socio-economic class were associated with higher prevalence of GSD.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Cholelithiasis/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Probability , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Like other bamboo species, Dendrocalamus strictus flowers gregariously after a prolonged intermast period of 48 years and constitutes an ideal material for in vitro clonal propagation. In this study, MS liquid medium containing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mL/L vipul (Godrej Agrovet, Ltd., Sachin, India), a commercial formulation of triacontanol, with or without BA (3.0 mg/L) was tested for in vitro shoot multiplication and 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mL/L of 20% (w/v) alcoholic/aqueous rice bran extract (alone or in combination) with NAA (3 mg/L) used for in vitro adventitious rhizogenesis in single node culture derived shoots of Dendrocalamus strictus.. After a multiplication cycle for 4-5 week, vipul (0.5 mL/L) with BA (3.0 mg/L) in the culture medium induced 4.59 fold shoot multiplication rate whereas application of BA and vipul alone had corresponding values of 3.29 and 0.53 fold respectively. Maximum vipul concentration (2 mL/L) with BA (3 mg/L) exhibited shoot multiplication higher than (or equal to) that of BA alone. Maximum in vitro rooting percentage (55.66%) was obtained on half MS medium enriched with alcoholic rice bran extract (2.5 mL/L) and NAA (3 mg/L). This is the first investigation reporting amelioration of in vitro shoot multiplication rate by triacontanol and rooting percentage by rice bran extract in explants from mature bamboo culms. The protocol is economical and rapid for in vitro clonal propagation of Dendrocalamus strictus.
Subject(s)
Fatty Alcohols/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Shoots/drug effects , Poaceae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
IAA induced adventitious roots in branch cuttings of D. sissoo, whereas vit. B1 promoted growth of these roots. A strong IAA synergism and vit. B1 antagonism with calcium was observed in induction and growth of adventitious roots. Treatments with IAA (571 microM) and calcium (134 microM) proved to be an ideal combination, exhibiting 87% rooting and 0.87 R/S ratio in branch cuttings, coupled with an increase of root length, root number, root fresh weight and root dry weight as compared to control.