Association of obesity and sarcopenia among adult Filipinos

OBJECTIVES: Studies on the association of obesity and sarcopenia are conflicting. Some studies showed that obesity is associated with muscle loss and frailty while others showed that lower body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased sarcopenia. To date, there is paucity of data on sarcopenia and obesity among Filipinos. This study aims to determine the association of obesity and sarcopenia among Filipinos. METHODS: This is a cross sectional analytic study comparing sarcopenic versus nonsarcopenic in terms of obesity as measured by BMI and waist circumference (WC). Filipinos older than 40 years old were included. Obesity was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) cutoff for BMI and WC. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass and low muscle strength or physical performance. Population-specific cutoff points were used to define low muscle mass, strength, and performance. RESULTS: A total of 164 participants were included. The mean age is 60.33 years. Ten (6.10%) were sarcopenic and 4 (40.00%) of them were obese. Regression analysis showed that obesity is not significantly associated with increased sarcopenia (Incidence risk ratio [IRR], 14.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96–221.92; P = 0.05). However, age (IRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09–1.21; P ≤ 0.01),WC (IRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85–0.99; P = 0.02), smoking (IRR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.11–9.03; P = 0.03), and alcoholic beverage drinking (IRR, 3.71, 95% CI, 1.26–10.89; P = 0.02) were found to be significant predictors of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistically significant association between obesity and increased risk of sarcopenia among participants, however, older age, smaller WC, smoking, and alcoholic beverage drinking were significant predictors of sarcopenia.

Factors Associated with Postoperative Diabetes Insipidus after Pituitary Surgery

BACKGROUND: Determining risk factors for diabetes insipidus (DI) after pituitary surgery is important in improving patient care. Our objective is to determine the factors associated with DI after pituitary surgery. METHODS: We reviewed records of patients who underwent pituitary surgery from 2011 to 2015 at Philippine General Hospital. Patients with preoperative DI were excluded. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed and a predictive model was generated. The discrimination abilities of the predictive model and individual variables were assessed using the receiving operator characteristic curve. RESULTS: A total of 230 patients were included. The rate of postoperative DI was 27.8%. Percent change in serum Na (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.69); preoperative serum Na (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.40); and performance of craniotomy (OR, 5.48; 95% CI, 1.60 to 18.80) remained significantly associated with an increased incidence of postoperative DI, while percent change in urine specific gravity (USG) (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.87) and meningioma on histopathology (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.70) were significantly associated with a decreased incidence. The predictive model generated has good diagnostic accuracy in predicting postoperative DI with an area under curve of 0.83. CONCLUSION: Greater percent change in serum Na, preoperative serum Na, and performance of craniotomy significantly increased the likelihood of postoperative DI while percent change in USG and meningioma on histopathology were significantly associated with a decreased incidence. The predictive model can be used to generate a scoring system in estimating the risk of postoperative DI.