Additional muscle slip of bicipital aponeurosis and its anomalous relationship with the median cubital vein

The cubital region of the arm is a common site for recording blood pressure, taking blood for analysis and administering intravenous therapy and blood transfusions. During the routine dissection of a 70-year-old male cadaver at the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, in 2015, it was observed that the aponeurotic insertion of the biceps brachii muscle divided into two slips. The medial slip fused normally with the deep fascia of the forearm, while flexor carpi radialis muscle fibres originated from the lateral slip. There was also a single vein in the forearm, the cephalic vein, which bifurcated to form the median cubital vein and the cephalic vein proper. The median cubital vein, further reinforced by the radial vein, passed deep to the two slips of the bicipital aponeurosis and then continued as the basilic vein. During venepuncture, medical practitioners should be aware of potential cubital fossa variations which could lead to nerve entrapment syndromes

morphometric evaluation of the optic canal: comparative study between computerized tomographic study and direct anatomic study

Objective: The objective of this study is to probe into the normal anatomy of the optic canal by comparison of dry skull and computed tomography [CT] images of live subjects

Materials and Methods: The optic canals of 107 normal subjects were examined by thin layer CT scan images in axial and coronal sections. 25 dry skulls were examined by using sliding Vernier caliper. The width, height of optic canal in both opening [cranial and orbital side] were measured. The medial, lateral walls [LWs] of optic canal were also measured. By using mathematical formula, the area of optic canal was calculated. Student's t-test was applied to compare the results statistically

Results: The height of optic canal at orbital and cranial opening in both CT and direct study was 4.12 +/- 0.63 mm, 3.6 +/- 0.76 mm and 5.7 +/- 0.76 mm, 5.17 +/- 0.81 mm, respectively. The width at orbital and cranial opening in both CT and direct was 2.98 +/- 0.56 mm, 4.59 +/- 0.83 mm and 4.74 +/- 0.47 mm, 5.48 +/- 0.76 mm, respectively. The length of medial and LW in both CT and direct study was 10.63 +/- 1.72 mm, 9.2 +/- 1.33 mm and 9.1 +/- 1.46 mm, 8.66 +/- 1.31 mm, respectively. The area was 1.43 cm[2] in direct study and in CT study it was 1.19 cm[2]

Conclusion: Given parameters may be helpful for surgeons to plan the proper way to approach the optic canal