Abnormal uterine bleeding in women in child bearing period of Arar city, northern Saudi Arabia

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding [AUB] affects as many as one-third of reproductive-aged women. Women with AUB may experience pain, embarrassment and inconvenience that can have a significant impact on their lives. This study was carried out aiming to assess the pattern and possible causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive aged women in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia

Methods: The study was conducted at Maternal and Child Hospital of Arar City, during the period from 1/5/2017 to 30/7/2017. Data collected by personal interview with cases and filling a pre-designed online questionnaire. Collected data was coded and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences [SPSS, version 16]. Descriptive statistics for the quantitative and qualitative variables were used

Results: In our study 100 women were included, with mean age 30.5+/-6.9, mean age of menarche was 13.1 [+/-1.8] and 52% of them had regular menses. Pattern of bleeding was menorrhagia in 52%. The cause of bleeding was dysfunctional uterine bleeding in 59% of cases, Intrauterine device complications in14%, Uterine fibroid in 12% of cases and contraceptive pills complications in 15%. Only 13% of them treated surgically while 87.0% treated medically

Conclusion: The most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding was endometrial hyperplasia [in 59%], and the contraceptive pills complications comes in the second place [in 15%], then the Intrauterine device complications [in 14%] and the uterine fibroid [in 12%]. Health education sittings is recommended to increase the public awareness about the causes and importance of seeking medical care during AUB attacks specially in premenopausal period

Renal stones among adult population in Arar city, northern Saudi Arabia

Background: Renal stone is a major health problem with adverse medico-economic consequences. It cost the healthcare services a great deal of money without reaching any desired destiny

Objective: To describe the current prevalence, risk factors, manifestations, methods of diagnosis and treatment of renal stones in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia

Method: Cross-sectional community based on survey applied to the adult of the general population of Arar city during the period from June to October 2017. The statistical significance level is made at less than 0.05

Results: Among 470 participants, 57.7% male and 42.3% females, 23% had renal gravel, 13% had renal stones. Only 15% complained from recurrent renal colic and 28% had family history of renal stones or gravels. Among the found cases of renal stones, 39.7% had family history of renal stones [P<0.05], 30% had other chronic diseases, 67% have renal gravels [P<0.05] and more than half [55.2%] of them had recurrent renal colic [P<0.05] and 39.9% were obese [P<0.05]. The most common symptom is renal colic as it appear in 55% of cases and 82% of affected people are diagnosed by complete urine analysis and ultrasound examination. The most common type is oxalate stone 55.2%, uric acid stones 27.6% and mixed stones 17.2%. More than half [55.2%] of renal stones are small in size and 46% found in the kidney. Most [84%] of the cases get herbal treatment, 89% medical treatment and only 8.6% got surgical treatment but 46% had recurrent stones

Conclusion: The prevalence of renal calculi and associated renal colic in Arar city, Northern is considerable. Suggestions for health education about risk factors in addition to future researches are mandatory

Epidemiology of tinea capitis among population of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia

Background: Tina capitis is a mycosis caused by dermatophytes that invade the keratinized tissues such as skin, nails, and hair. It is important to know the prevalence, route of transmission and risk factors of these infections for prevention and treatment of this disease. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate and risk factor associated with tinea capitis in the general population of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia

Methods: Cross sectional hospital based study. Data collected from 180 participant aged 5- 60 years, attending three randomly selected primary healthcare centers in Arar city during the period from 1st January to 30th June 2017. Participants selected using a systemic random sampling procedure as we take every second person attending the PHC during the study period. Each participant interviewed separately, and confidentiality assured. Data was collected by means of personal interview with the sampled person using a predesigned questionnaire covering the needed items

Results: The overall prevalence of tinea capitis among the studied population was 31.1%. Males were more affected [56.7%] than females [P value>0.05] and 35% of cases aged from 16-21 years [P value>0.05]

Conclusion: The overall prevalence of tinea capitis among Arar population was 31.1%. This indicates the high tendencies of spread of tinea capitis through human-to-human mode of transmission and possible animal contact. Community health education on the cause, mode of transmission, prevention, and prompt treatment of tinea capitis is recommended

Prevalence of hypothyroidism and its associated risk factors in Arar City, Saudi Arabia

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder worldwide. The prevalence of hypothyroidism depends on many factors, such as age, sex and geographical factors

Objective: This study is carried out to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism and the related etiology and risks in the general population of Arar city, northern border of Saudi Arabia

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used. A pre-designed online questionnaire was distributed among the targeted population and filled by participants after a brief introduction or explanation of the idea of the research to the public. Sampled participants filled out the self-reported predesigned questionnaire to collect socioeconomic and thyroid diseases related data

Results: In our study, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 25.5% [116/454], females are more affected than males, as 57.7% of the cases were female, most of them [80%] aged 21-60 years old and 40% of the cases has a family history of the disease. 64.7% of the cases were on medical treatment but only 16% of them responded. While surgical treatment were found in only 8% of the cases

Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is prevalent in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia, females were more affected than males. Knowledge of factors influencing thyroid dysfunction help the public to guard against these prevalent diseases. More studies should be carried out in Arar city to stress on the individual thyroid disorder. The studies should be community based with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of cases