ABSTRACT
Se presenta un estudio correlacional entre la conducta asertiva y la autoeficacia para la prevención de Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS), en estudiantes de educación media. Para cumplir con los objetivos de la investigación se midieron y correlacionaron las variables; asertividad y autoeficacia para la prevención de ETS con la Escala validada de Autoeficacia para la prevención del SIDA en adolescentes (SEA 27) de López-Rosales, F. (2001) y el Cuestionario de Asertividad de De Gambrill, E.D. y Richey, C.A (1975). Los datos fueron procesados con el paquete estadístico SPSS. Se concluye que no existe correlación significativa en cuanto a la hipótesis especifica, al nivel de p<0.05, entre las variables de estudio, aceptando la hipótesis nula planteada.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adolescent , Assertiveness , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Paraguay/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response rate of Hispanics with chronic hepatitis C to combination therapy of interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin and to assess its adverse events. BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus may lead to chronic infection and multiple complications. Response to combination therapy of interferon plus ribavirin has been studied in many populations. African Americans have been found to have a lower response rate than Caucasians. However, little data exist for Hispanics. METHODS: Hispanic patients from Puerto Rico with chronic hepatitis C were eligible for the study between November 1997 and February 2000. The Institutional Review Boards of the participating institutions approved the study. Written informed consents were obtained. Combination therapy was given for 48 weeks and patients were followed for 24 weeks after treatment. Analysis of response to therapy was performed in an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: The most frequent adverse event was anemia (89%), associated to ribavirin. Sustained response was 23% for naive patients, 45% for relapsers, and 8% for non-responders to previous interferon monotherapy (p < 0.001). Data to analyze response was not available in 27% of patients. Hispanic patients had a low response rate to combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Response rates to combination therapy for Hispanic naive and previously non-responder patients are lower than in other reported populations. This may be due to a high prevalence of genotype 1 in Puerto Rico, which is associated to poor response. The higher response rate of relapsers, similar to those reported previously, was expected since these patients showed a previous response to interferon monotherapy. Ethnic factors may play a role in the response to therapy and should be further studied to determine proper treatment strategies for this population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hispanic or Latino , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Interferon-alpha , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, CombinationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatic steatosis has been described in 31-72% of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver biopsies. Steatosis has been related to disease progression and suggested as a predictor of treatment response in chronic HCV. This study aims to evaluate the presence and degree of steatosis in liver histology of patients with chronic HCV prior to combination therapy with interferon (INF) and ribavirin (RBV), and how it influences treatment response. METHODS: The medical charts of patients with chronic HCV who received treatment at the San Juan Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center from 1998 to 2002 were reviewed. Selected patients completed therapy, had a pre-treatment liver biopsy, genotype determination, and pre and post treatment HCV-RNA levels. Patient's age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were determined. Pre-treatment liver biopsy slides were reviewed and graded for steatosis by a hepatopathologist blinded to the treatment outcome. Steatosis was graded by the presence of fat in total biopsy area as: mild (<33%), moderate (33-66%), severe (>66%) or absent. Treatment response was defined as virological clearance measured by HCV RNA at the end of treatment and 24 weeks after completion of treatment. The presence of steatosis was compared to BMI, HCV genotype and treatment response. RESULTS: 46 patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients were male of Hispanic origin. Mean age: 52.7 years (range: 40-68). Mean BMI: 27.5 kg/m2 (range: 21.1-35.9). HCV genotype 1 was present in 67% of patients. 82.6% (38/46) of the patients had hepatic steatosis: 29 (63%) mild, 7 (15%) moderate and 2(4%) severe. 16.6% (8/46) of the biopsies did not show steatosis. Overall, the response rate for those with steatosis was 31.6% (12/38): 10/29 (34.5%) mild, 1/7 (14.3%) moderate and 1/2 (50%) of severe. 75% (6/8) of those without steatosis responded to treatment. This difference (31.6% vs. 75%) was statistically significant (p=.042). The mean BMI of both groups was similar (27.7)...