ABSTRACT
Objetivos: Millones de pacientes con COVID-19 fueron internados en terapia intensiva en el mundo, la mitad desarrollaron síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) y recibieron ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI), con una mortalidad del 50%. Analiza-mos cómo edad, comorbilidades y complicaciones, en pacientes con COVID-19 y SDRA que recibieron VMI, se asociaron con el riesgo de morir durante su hospitalización.Métodos: Estudio de cohorte observacional, retrospectivo y multicéntrico realizado en 5 hospitales (tres privados y dos públicos universitarios) de Argentina y Chile, durante el segundo semestre de 2020.Se incluyeron pacientes >18 años con infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada RT-PCR, que desarrollaron SDRA y fueron asistidos con VMI durante >48 horas, durante el se-gundo semestre de 2020. Se analizaron los antecedentes, las comorbilidades más fre-cuentes (obesidad, diabetes e hipertensión), y las complicaciones shock, insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) y neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica (NAV), por un lado, y las alteraciones de parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio registrados.Resultados: El 69% era varón. La incidencia de comorbilidades difirió para los diferentes grupos de edad. La mortalidad aumentó significativamente con la edad (p<0,00001). Las comorbilidades, hipertensión y diabetes, y las complicaciones de IRA y shock se asociaron significativamente con la mortalidad. En el análisis multivariado, sólo la edad mayor de 60 años, la IRA y el shock permanecieron asociados con la mortalidad. Conclusiones: El SDRA en COVID-19 es más común entre los mayores. Solo la edad >60 años, el shock y la IRA se asociaron a la mortalidad en el análisis multivariado.
Objectives: Millions of patients with COVID-19 were admitted to intensive care world-wide, half developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), with a mortality of 50%. We analyzed how age, comor-bidities and complications in patients with COVID-19 and ARDS who received IMV were associated with the risk of dying during their hospitalization.Methods: Observational, retrospective and multicenter cohort study carried out in 5 hospitals (three private and two public university hospitals) in Argentina and Chile, during the second half of 2020.Patients >18 years of age with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR, who devel-oped ARDS and were assisted with IMV for >48 hours, during the second half of 2020, were included. History, the most frequent comorbidities (obesity, diabetes and hyper-tension) and the complications of shock, acute renal failure (AKI) and pneumonia as-sociated with mechanical ventilation (VAP), on the one hand, and the alterations of re-corded clinical and laboratory parameters, were analyzed.Results: 69% were men. The incidence of comorbidities differed for different age groups. Mortality increased significantly with age (p<0.00001). Comorbidities, hyper-tension and diabetes, and complications of ARF and shock were significantly associat-ed with mortality. In the multivariate analysis, only age over 60 years, ARF and shock remained associated with mortality.Conclusions: ARDS in COVID-19 is more common among the elderly. Only age >60 years, shock and ARF were associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pneumonia/complications , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/complications , Shock/complications , Comorbidity , Renal Insufficiency/complications , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Mortality , Multicenter StudyABSTRACT
Introducción: los inhaladores de dosis medida (MDI) ocupan un lugar fundamental en el tratamiento de las enfermedades obstructivas. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de su in-correcta utilización y, por consiguiente, limitados beneficios. El objetivo de este traba-jo es evaluar el uso de los MDI y conocer el impacto que tiene la educación en la técnica inhalatoria. Método: estudio prospectivo, antes-después realizado en pacientes hos-pitalizados y ambulatorios. Se registraron datos demográficos y sobre el uso del MDI. Posteriormente, se pidió al paciente que realizara dos inhalaciones con su MDI y aero-cámara, se otorgó un puntaje según la escala ESTI y se educó en forma oral, visual y con folleto explicativo. Los pacientes fueron reevaluados antes de cumplir un mes de la primera evaluación. Resultados: se incluyeron 119 pacientes, 53,8% masculinos, con edad media de 60,6 (± 16) años. El 60,5% utilizaba aerocámara siempre y el 19,3% casi siempre. El 65% tenía la percepción de que su técnica inhalatoria era buena o muy bue-na. El 32% no sabía identificar su inhalador de rescate. El puntaje en la escala ESTI ba-sal fue de 6,8 (± 2,3) ptos. el que mejoró en la reevaluación, 8,7 (± 1,5) ptos.; p<0,0001. La técnica inhalatoria calificada de muy buena o buena mejoró de un 24,4% a un 63%; p<0.0001. Conclusión: nuestros resultados muestran que la técnica de inhalación con MDI es deficiente y una educación activa evidencia un impacto significativo en el co-rrecto uso de estos dispositivos. (AU)
Introduction: metered dose inhalers (MDI) are fundamental in treating obstructive dis-eases. However, there is evidence of its incorrect use and therefore limited benefits. This work aims to evaluate the use of MDIs and to know the impact of education on the cor-rect inhalation technique. Method: prospective, before-after study, carried out in hospitalized and outpatients. Demographic data and data on the use of the MDI are re-corded. Subsequently, the patient was asked to take 2 inhalations with his MDI and valved-holding chamber, a score was given according to the ESTI score and he was ed-ucated orally, visually, and with an explanatory brochure. The patients were reassessed within 1 month of the first evaluation. Results: 119 patients were included, 53.8% male, with a mean age of 60.6 (±16) years. 60.5% always used an aero chamber and 19.3% almost always. 65% had the perception that their inhalation technique was good or very good. 32% did not know how to identify their rescue inhaler. The score on the base-line ESTI scale was 6.8 (± 2.3) points, which improved in the reassessment, 8.7 (± 1.5) points; p<0.0001. The inhalation technique rated as very good or good improved from 24.4% to 63%; p<0.0001. Conclusion: our results show that the inhalation technique with MDI is deficient and active education demonstrates a significant impact on the cor-rect use of these devices. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Patient Education as Topic , Metered Dose Inhalers , Outpatients/education , Chile , HospitalizationABSTRACT
Background: Early HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) diagnosis optimizes therapies aimed at reducing viral load, increasing survival, lowering health costs and reducing the number of people infected with the virus. In Chile, despite widespread and readily available HIV testing, infected people continue to get tested in a late fashion and are usually diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Aim: To determine the elements that facilitate or impede a timely HIV testing and to evaluate how to improve the access to HIV testing. Material and Methods: Descriptive, in-depth interviews to 30 participants with unknown serology, 15 participants diagnosed at AIDS stage and 15 health care professionals working at a primary healthcare settings. Results: Users and professionals formulated three suggestions to improve timely access to ELISA test for HIV diagnosis. Namely, to inform users and professionals about the characteristics of the disease and diagnostic test, to offer fast and easy access to HIV testing, and to train the whole healthcare team about obtaining informed consent for testing. Conclusions: These recommendations should be implemented at healthcare centers to attain a timely HIV diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Health Services Accessibility/standards , Attitude of Health Personnel , Chile , Early DiagnosisABSTRACT
En la primera pandemia del siglo XXI por virus influenza A/H1N1, una importante proporción de paciente que desarrollaron neumonía y Falla Respiratoria Aguda (FRA) eran obesos. La obesidad ha sido propuesta como un factor de riesgo que aumenta la morbimortalidad; sin embargo, hay controversia al respecto. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de la obesidad en complicaciones, estadía y/o mortalidad en pacientes adultos graves por virus influenza A/H1N1. Estudio observacional y multicéntrico realizado en 17 UCIs de Chile durante el periodo mayo-agosto 2009. Fueron incluidos en el estudio solo paciente con infección por virus Influenza A/H1N1 confirmada o probable. Los paciente obesos (IMC>30) fueron comparados con pacientes no obesos. Resultados: De un total de 136 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 64 (47 por ciento) fueron obesos y de estos 13 obesos mórbidos (BMI >40). Los pacientes obesos tienen mayor frecuencia de: comorbilidades, ventilación mecánica y complicaciones. La estadía en UCI y en el hospital fue más prolongada en pacientes obesos (18,1+/-15 vs. 10,9+/-10,2, p=0,002 y 27,2+/-24,7 vs17,7 +/- 14,6, p=0,01 respectivamente). La mortalidad fue mayor en pacientes obesos (36 por ciento vs. 19,4 por ciento; OR 2,32; IC95 por ciento 1,07-5,05, p=0.035). El estudio de regresión logística encuentra que la FOM es un factor pronóstico independiente de mortalidad en pacientes obesos. Conclusiones: Los pacientes obesos con neumonía grave por virus influenza A/H1N1 tienen una mayor morbi-mortalidad y prolongación de su estadía en UCI y en el hospital. El desarrollo de FOM en pacientes obesos es un factor de mal pronóstico.
In the first pandemic of the 21st century due to influenza A/H1N1 virus, a significant proportion of patients who developed pneumonia and acute respiratory failure (ARF) were obese. Obesity has been proposed as a risk factor that increases morbidity and mortality, however, there is controversy about it. Objective: To determine the impact of obesity on complications, stay and / or mortality in adult patients with severe influenza A/H1N1 virus. Multicenter observational study conducted in 17 ICUs of Chile during the period May to August 2009. Were included only patients with influenza A/H1N1 virus infection confirmed or probable. Obese patients (BMI> 30) were compared with non obese patients. The results: Of a total of 136 patients included in the study, 64 (47 percent) were obese and of these 13 morbidly obese (BMI> 40). Obese patients have a higher frequency of: comorbidities, mechanical ventilation and complications. The stay in ICU and hospital was longer in obese patients (18.1 +/- 15 vs. 10.9 +/- 10.2, p = 0.002 and 27.2 +/- 24.7 vs17, 7 +/- 14.6, p = 0.01 respectively). Mortality was higher in obese patients (36 percent vs. 19.4 percent, OR 2.32, 95 percent CI 1.07 to 5.05, p = 0,035). The logistic regression analysis found that the MOF is an independent predictor of mortality in obese patients. Conclusions: Obese patients with severe pneumonia due to the influenza A/H1N1 virus have a high morbidity and mortality and prolonged stay in ICU and hospital. MOF development in obese patients is a poor prognostic factor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Comorbidity , Chile/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/mortality , Influenza, Human/virology , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay , Logistic Models , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Obesity/complications , Obesity/mortality , Survival Analysis , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Humans , Critical Care , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , PandemicsABSTRACT
La sepsis grave en pacientes quirúrgicos tiene una mortalidad elevada. Hay evidencias que el uso de proteína C activada recombinante (Drotrecogin alfa) mejora la sobrevida en estos pacientes. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 40 años con síndrome de Marfán sometido a cirugía cardiaca valvular que desarrolla sepsis grave por lo cual se administra proteína C activada recombinante con resultados favorables.
Severe sepsis in surgical patients has a high mortality. There is evidence that the use of recombinant human activated protein C (Drotrecogin alfa) improves survival in these patients. We report the use of drotrecogin alfa, in a 40-year-old male with Marfans syndrome undergone cardiac valve surgery that develops severe sepsis, with good results.