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1.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 38: e017, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1550153

ABSTRACT

Abstract Occlusal stabilization splints are the most common treatment for controlling the deleterious effects of sleep bruxism. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost, mixed occlusal splint (MOS) compared to that of a rigid splint. A randomized clinical trial was performed on 43 adults of both sexes with possible sleep bruxism and satisfactory dental conditions. They were divided into rigid occlusal splint (ROS) (n = 23) and MOS (n = 20) groups. Masticatory muscle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain intensity (visual analog scale), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), indentations in the oral mucosa, anxiety, and depression (HADS), number of days of splint use, and splint wear were evaluated. All variables were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) after splint installation (T0), and splint wear was evaluated at T6 and T12. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, non-parametric Friedman's analysis of variance for paired samples and pairwise multiple comparisons, Pearson's chi-square test, two-proportion z-test, non-parametric McNemar's and Cochran's Q, and Wilcoxon tests were used (p < 0.05). In both groups, there was a decrease in TMJ pain and pain intensity over time and improvements in the quality of life scores. At T6, there was a higher rate of splint wear in the MOS group than in the ROS group (p = 0.023). The MOS showed a higher rate of wear than the rigid splint but had similar results for the other variables. Therefore, the use of a mixed splint appears to be effective in controlling the signs and symptoms of sleep bruxism.

2.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 37: e007, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1420952

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic use of fluoxetine on the amount of orthodontic tooth movement and tissue changes in rats. A total of 192 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: S, 0.9% saline solution; F, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine; SM, 0.9% saline solution with orthodontic movement; and FM, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine with orthodontic movement. After 30 days of daily saline or fluoxetine administration, an orthodontic device (25cN) was used to mesially displace the first molar in animals of the groups SM and FM. The animals were euthanized 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after placement of the orthodontic appliances and animals of groups S and F were euthanized at the same time. The assessment of tooth movement was made in gypsum castings, the collagen neoformation was assessed by polarization microscopy, the number of osteoclasts and root resorption were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and presence of hyalinized areas was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Fluoxetine did not affect the amount of tooth displacement, percentage of collagen, number of osteoclasts, and presence of hyalinized areas (P>0.05). There was a higher frequency of root resorption areas in the FM group than in the SM group only on the second day (P<0.05). The findings of this study show that chronic use of 20 mg/kg fluoxetine does not affect the amount of tooth movement, collagen neoformation, number of osteoclasts, or hyalinized areas and does not affect root resorption until the last day of orthodontic movement.

3.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 10(1): 1-7, 01/jan./2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411338

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência do risco da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono e seus fatores associados em idosos da comunidade atendidos em uma academia-escola universitária. Métodos: trata-se de estudo epidemiológico transversal, realizado com idosos participantes do Projeto da Terceira Idade da Universidade de Rio Verde, realizado entre abril e maio de 2019. A coleta de dados foi executada por meio da aplicação de questionário composto por avaliação sociodemográfica, antropométrica, das condições prévias de saúde, de autopercepção de saúde, de sonolência diurna excessiva, da qualidade do sono, além da avaliação de risco para desenvolver Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Resultados: entre os 75 indivíduos analisados, 50,7% apresentaram risco de Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Obesidade (p=0,001), aumento da circunferência de pescoço (p=0,004), baixo nível socioeconômico (p=0,034), baixa qualidade do sono (p=0,007) e sonolência diurna excessiva (p=0,006) apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com o diagnóstico da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Conclusão: a maior parte dos indivíduos avaliados apresentou algum grau da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Sugere-se que aqueles idosos que apresentaram algum dos fatores associados a esta condição possam passar por avaliação específica, como a polissonografia, e a criação de medidas para que a promoção da reduçã o de peso seja imediatamente instituída a fim de minimizar os riscos, a piora da síndrome bem como suas possíveis complicações.


Objectives: to evaluate the prevalence of the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and its associated factors in elderly individuals from the community who attended a University School Academy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with elderly participants of the Third Age Project at the University of Rio Verde, conducted between April and May 2019. Data collection was performed through the application of a questionnaire composed of sociodemographic, anthropometric assessment, previous health conditions, self-perception of health, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep quality, in addition to risk assessment for developing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Results: among the 75 individuals analyzed, 50.7% were at risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Obesity (p=0.001), increased neck circumference (p=0.004), low socioeconomic status (p=0.034), poor sleep quality (p=0.007), and excessive daytime sleepiness (p=0.006) were statistically associated with the diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Conclusion: most of the evaluated individuals presented some degree of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, it is suggested that those elderly individuals who presented any of the factors associated with this condition may undergo specific evaluation, such as polysomnography, and the creation of measures for weight reduction promotion is immediately instituted in order to minimize the risks, the worsening of the syndrome as well as its possible complications.


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Sleep , Social Class , Syndrome , World Health Organization , Aged , Weight Loss , Diagnosis , Sleep Quality
4.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 72(6): 816-818, Nov.-Dec. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420613

ABSTRACT

Abstract Factor X deficiency ranks among the rarest coagulopathies and has a variable presentation spectrum. We intend to present a proposal for anesthesia protocol for individuals with the coagulopathy. The excision of an ovarian neoplasm was proposed for a 26-year-old, female, ASA II patient, with congenital Factor X deficiency. Physical examination and lab tests were normal, except for Prothrombin Time (PT) 22.1s (VR: 8-14s), International Normalized Ratio (INR) 1.99 (VR: 0.8-1.2) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) 41.4s (VR: 25-37s). We concluded that a history of bleeding should always be investigated, along with a pre-anesthetic coagulation study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Blood Coagulation Disorders/diagnosis , Blood Coagulation Disorders/ethnology , Factor X Deficiency/complications , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Prothrombin Time
5.
Saúde Soc ; 31(3): e210024pt, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410112

ABSTRACT

Resumo O conceito de vulnerabilidade considera diferentes fatores que concorrem para a exposição de indivíduos e grupos a processos de adoecimento. Neste estudo, o referido conceito foi utilizado com o objetivo de avaliar a situação da saúde de 139 mulheres residentes em oito comunidades quilombolas, localizadas em uma área de exploração mineral, nas margens do Rio Trombetas, em Oriximiná (PA). O estudo serviu-se de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas para coleta de dados, os quais foram submetidos a uma abordagem quantitativa e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Embora as comunidades quilombolas sejam historicamente vulneráveis, os dados evidenciaram que as mulheres são ainda mais fragilizadas por fatores individuais, sociais e programáticos que se revelam nas dificuldades de acesso à educação, à informação, ao trabalho, à renda e à saúde. Elas necessitam, portanto, de políticas públicas especialmente adequadas à sua condição de gênero e ao seu perfil sociocultural.


Abstract Vulnerability encompass different factors that contribute to exposing individuals and groups to the illness processes. In this study, this concept was used to assess the health situation of 139 women living in eight quilombola communities located in a mining area, on the banks of the Trombetas River, in Oriximiná, Pará, Brazil. Data were collected by semi-structured individual interviews, which underwent quantitative analysis and descriptive statistics. Although quilombola communities are historically vulnerable, women are further weakened by individual, social, and programmatic factors, revealed in the poor access to education, information, work, income and health. Hence, public policies specifically suited to their gender and socio-cultural profile are needed.


Subject(s)
Health Disparate Minority and Vulnerable Populations
6.
J. Health NPEPS ; 6(2): 1-16, dez. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1349314

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo:avaliar a qualidade do sono e os fatores associados em idosos não-institucionalizados em Rio Verde, Goiás. Método:estudo epidemiológico, transversal e de base populacional, realizado com idosos participantes do projeto da terceira idade, realizado pela Universidade de Rio Verde, entre abril e maio de 2019. A coleta de dados ocorreu com aplicação de três instrumentos, questionário com dados sociodemográficos, questionário de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh e questionário internacional de atividade física. Para análise dos dados utilizou o teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: foram analisados 73 idosos, dentre os quais 67,1% apresentaram índices ruins de qualidade do sono. Ser do sexo feminino, solteiro ou viúvo, ter baixa escolaridade, não estar aposentado e não usar medicações para dormir apresentou associação significativamente relevante com a má qualidade do sono (p<0,05).Conclusão: grande parte dos idosos apresentaram má qualidade do sono. Isso indica a necessidade decriação de programas e medidas de promoção à saúde ao idoso que incluam rotinas e rituais de sono, técnicas alternativas de relaxamento, prática regular de atividade física, melhorias nas condições ambientais e aspectos sobre a higiene do sono.


ABSTRACTObjective:to evaluate sleep quality and associated factors in non-institutionalized elderly people in Rio Verde, Goiás. Method: epidemiological, cross-sectional, population-based study conducted with elderly participants of the Third Age Project, carried out by the University of Rio Verde, between April and May 2019. Data collection was carried out with the application of three instruments, a questionnaire with sociodemographic data, questionnaire of Pittsburgh sleep quality and the international physical activity questionnaire. For data analysis, the chi-square test was used. Results:73 elderly were analyzed, among which 67.1% had poor sleep quality indices. Being female, single or widowed, having a low level of education, not being retired and not using medications to sleep had a significantly relevant association with poor sleep quality (p<0.05). Conclusion:most of the elderly had poor sleep quality. This indicates the need to create health promotion programs and measures for the elderly that include sleep routines and rituals, alternative relaxation techniques, regular physical activity, improvements in environmental conditions and aspects of sleep hygiene.


RESUMEN Objetivo:evaluar la calidad del sueño y factores asociados en adultos mayores no institucionalizados de la ciudad de Rio Verde, Goiás. Método: estudio epidemiológico, transversal, poblacional realizado con adultos mayores participantes del proyecto tercera edad, realizado por la Universidad de Río Verde, entre abril y mayo de 2019. La recolección de datos se realizó con la aplicación de tres instrumentos, un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos, cuestionario de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y cuestionario internacional de actividad física. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados:analizaron 73 adultos mayores, de los cuales el 67,1% presentaba índices de mala calidad del sueño. Ser mujer, soltera o viuda, tener un bajo nivel educativo, no estar jubilado y no usar medicamentos para dormir tuvo una asociación significativamente relevante con la mala calidad del sueño (p <0,05). Conclusión:la mayoría de los adultos mayores tenían mala calidad del sueño. Esto indica la necesidad de crear programas y medidas de promoción de la salud para las personas mayores que incluyan rutinas y rituales del sueño, técnicas alternativas de relajación, actividad física regular, mejoras en las condiciones ambientales y aspectos de la higiene del sueño.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aging , Geriatric Assessment , Sleep
7.
RFO UPF ; 26(2): 191-197, 20210808. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1443772

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: determinar a prevalência da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em pacientes de uma clínica escola de Odontologia, descrever o perfil epidemiológico da amostra analisada, caracterizar o grau dessas disfunções e identificar os sinais e sintomas orofaciais mais frequentes. Método: estudo epidemiológico, do tipo transversal, que avaliou pacientes da Clínica Escola de Odontologia da Universidade de Rio Verde, GO. A pesquisa foi realizada através de três questionários: Índice Anamnésico Simplificado de Fonseca (IASF), Questionário para Triagem para Dor Orofacial (QTDO), questionário sociodemográfico e econômico. Resultados: foram analisados 200 pacientes, dentre os quais 78,5% apresentaram algum grau de DTM, sendo o mais prevalente a DTM de leve intensidade, presente em 38% da amostra. Conclusão: nesse cenário, conclui- -se que a maioria dos participantes apresentou DTM, sendo que a intervenção multidisciplinar seria de suma relevância no tratamento, podendo oferecer uma abordagem mais completa e com melhores resultados.(AU)


Objectives: to determine the prevalence of TMD in patients at a dental school clinic, as well as describe its epidemiological profile for the evaluated sample, characterizing the degree of this dysfunction and identifying the most frequent orofacial signs and symptoms. Method: it is an epidemiological, cross-sectional study that evaluated patients at the School of Dentistry clinic, University of Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. The study was carried out using three questionnaires: Simplified Fonseca Anamnesis Index (SFAI), Orofacial Pain Screening Questionnaire (OPSQ), and the socio-demographic and economic questionnaire. Results: 200 patients were evaluated, among which 78.5% had some degree of TMD, the most prevalent being mild TMD, present in 38% of the sample. Conclusion: most participants had TMD, and multidisciplinary intervention would be of paramount importance in the treatment, being able to offer a more complete approach and with better results.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Schools, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/diagnosis , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Pain Measurement , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sex Distribution , Dental Clinics/statistics & numerical data
8.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 34(1): 22-29, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154524

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The early detection of vascular damage in subclinical stages of hypertensive disease may be the key point in the prevention of cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives to correlate parameters of structural vascular damage (measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness) with parameters of functional vascular damage (central hemodynamic measurements) in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive patients taking up to two classes of anti-hypertensive drugs. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with a convenience sample of patients attending the Liga de Hipertensão Arterial , a multidisciplinary program for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic hypertension, of the Federal university of Goias. Patients with arrythmia, diabetes, previous cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, and end-stage diseases were excluded. Carotid Doppler test, measurements of peripheral and central blood pressure by applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor®) and oscillometry (Mobil-O-Graph®) were performed. The t-test was used for comparisons and the Pearson correlation test for correlations, considering a p<0.05 statistically significant. Results twenty patients (12 women) were evaluated, mean age 53.8 ± 14.3 years. Higher values of central pulse pressure (42.9±13.9 vs. 34.7±9.6, p=0.01) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) (9.0±1.9 vs. 7.9±1.5, p=0.01) were obtained by applanation tonometry compared with oscillometry. No difference between the methods was observed for the other measures. A significant correlation was found between carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) and PWV (r=0.659; p=0.002) by the oscillometric test, but not with applanation tonometry. No correlation was found between central hemodynamic variables and the presence of carotid artery plaques. Conclusion PWV, estimated by oscillometry, was the only central hemodynamic parameter that correlated significantly with CA-IMT in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive patients at low cardiovascular risk. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Oscillometry , Carotid Artery Injuries/diagnosis , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness/instrumentation , Manometry , Reference Standards , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Hypertension/complications
9.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 115(4): 620-627, out. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1131355

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento: Os efeitos da caminhada de longa distância sobre o sistema cardiovascular são pouco estudados. Objetivos: O objetivo geral deste estudo foi verificar esses efeitos sobre o comportamento da função diastólica e dos biomarcadores cardíacos CK-MB (massa), troponina T e NT-proBNP em atletas amadores. Método: Este estudo longitudinal realizado em 2015 avaliou os participantes nas 5 etapas seguintes: A0 (basal) antes de iniciar o percurso, e as demais, A1, A2, A3 e A4 ao final de cada dia, totalizando 244,7 km. Em todas as etapas foram dosados os biomarcadores NT-proBNP, CK-MB (massa) e troponina T. Realizou-se ecocardiograma para análise das ondas E, A e E'. Adotado p < 0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Foram avaliados 25 participantes com média de idade de 46 ± 10,5 anos e índice de massa corporal de 20,2 ± 2,3 kg/m2. Encontrou-se aumentos dos valores de NT-proBNP de A0 para A1, A2, A3 e A4 (p < 0,001), CK-MB (massa) de A0 para A2 (p < 0,001) e da onda E' de A0 para A1, A2, A3 e A4 (p < 0,001). Foram identificadas correlações entre os seguintes: CK-MB (massa) e troponina T (A1: r = 0,524, p = 0,010; A4: r = 0,413, p = 0,044); CK-MB (massa) e NT-proBNP (A4: r = 0,539, p = 0,006); e E/A e E' (A0: r = 0,603, p < 0,001; A1: r = 0,639, p < 0,001; A4: r = 0,593, p = 0,002); e correlação negativa entre CK-MB (massa) com E/A (A1: r = −0,428, p = 0,041). Conclusão: Os efeitos da atividade física intensa, prolongada e intercalada foram verificados a partir das variações significativas no comportamento da CK-MB (massa), NT-proBNP e E'. Apesar das alterações encontradas, não houve critérios sugestivos de dano ao miocárdio.


Abstract Background: The effects of long-distance walking on the cardiovascular system have been little studied. Objectives: The general objective of this study was to verify these effects on the behavior of diastolic function and the cardiac biomarkers CK-MB (mass), troponin T, and NT-proBNP, in amateur athletes. Method: This longitudinal study, conducted in 2015, evaluated participants during the following 5 stages: E0 (baseline) before starting the trajectory and the others, E1, E2, E3, and E4, at the end of each day, totaling 244.7 km. At all stages, the biomarkers NT-proBNP, CK-MB (mass), and troponin T were measured. Echocardiogram was performed to analyze the E, A and E' waves. P < 0.05 was adopted as significant. Results: The study evaluated 25 participants, with an average age of 46 ± 10.5 years and body mass index of 20.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2. Increased values were found for NT-proBNP from E0 to E1, E2, E3, and E4 (p < 0.001), CK-MB (mass) from E0 to E2 (p < 0.001), and E' wave from E0 to E1, E2, E3, and E4 (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were identified between the following: CK-MB (mass) and troponin T (E1: r = 0.524, p = 0.010; E4: r = 0.413, p = 0.044); CK-MB (mass) and NT-proBNP (E4: r = 0.539, p = 0.006); and E/A and E' (E0: r = 0.603, p < 0.001; E1: r = 0.639, p < 0.001; E4: r = 0.593, p = 0.002). A negative correlation was found between CK-MB (mass) and E/A (E1: r = −0.428, p = 0.041). Conclusion: The effects of intense, prolonged, and interspersed physical activity were verified based on significant variations in the behavior of CK-MB (mass), NT-proBNP, and the E' wave. Notwithstanding the alterations found, there were no criteria suggestive of myocardial damage


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Walking , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain , Peptide Fragments , Biomarkers , Longitudinal Studies , Troponin T , Creatine Kinase, MB Form
10.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 33(2): 145-150, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090655

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Changes in arterial compliance are among the first changes detectable in hypertensive syndrome. Methods with good reproducibility as compared with the gold standard for identifying such changes are desirable in clinical practice. Objectives To compare central pressure measurements and arterial stiffness obtained by two non-invasive methods (tonometry and oscillometry). Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of patients with borderline hypertension or stage 1 hypertension. Peripheral and central blood pressure measurements were obtained by tonometry (SphygmoCor®), considered the gold standard, and oscillometry (Mobil O´graph®). Comparisons of results were made by unpaired t-test, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results No difference was found in central pressure measurements obtained by SphygmoCor® (117 x 80.1 mmHg) compared with Mobil O'graph (112 x 81.4 mmHg). Mean augmentation index (AIx) was 26.1% and 21.3%, and mean pulse pressure (PP) amplification 10.7 mmHg and 10.0 mmHg by Sphygmocor® and Mobil O´graph®, respectively (p > 0.05). Mean pressure wave velocity (PWV), 8.4 m/s vs. 7.4 m/s (p = 0.013) and mean central pulse pressure, 37.7 mmmHg and 30.9 mmHg (p = 0.013) were significantly higher by SphygmoCor® than Mobil O´graph®. Conclusion Values of central systolic blood pressure, AIx and pulse pressure amplification obtained by oscillometry were not statistically different compared with tonometry; values of PWV and cPP, however, were underestimated by oscillometry. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(2):145-150)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Oscillometry/methods , Vascular Stiffness , Arterial Pressure , Manometry/methods , Reference Standards , Blood Pressure Determination , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypertension
11.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 114(3): 554-561, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088882

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento Os efeitos da redução na ingestão do sal sobre a pressão arterial (PA) casual de hipertensos já foram amplamente estudados, entretanto essa análise ainda é escassa no contexto da redução exclusiva do sal de adição na rigidez arterial e em indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da redução progressiva na ingestão do sal de adição (de 6 para 4 g/dia) sobre os valores da pressão periférica e central, a rigidez arterial em normotensos, pré-hipertensos e hipertensos. Métodos Ensaio clínico, simples cego com 13 semanas de seguimento. Foram avaliados normotensos (≤130/85 mmHg), pré-hipertensos (≥130 e <139/≥85 e <90 mmHg) e hipertensos estágio 1 (≥140 e <160/≥90 e <100 mmHg). Utilizou-se medida casual e monitorização residencial da PA com aparelho automático OMRON 705CP, medida central da PA com Sphygmocor®, dosagem do sódio urinário de 24h (colhido no intervalo entre cada visita) e mensuração de sal de adição. Foi adotado nível de significância p<0,05 para todas as análises. Resultados Foram avaliados 55 participantes (18 normotensos; 15 pré-hipertensos; 22 hipertensos) com mediana 48 anos (IQ:39-54). Os grupos foram semelhantes em relação a idade e sexo. Não houve diferença entre medidas de PA e excreção de sódio antes e depois da intervenção. Os parâmetros de rigidez arterial também não sofreram alterações significativas. Conclusão A redução gradativa da ingestão de sal de adição num seguimento de 13 semanas não foi capaz de reduzir de maneira significativa os valores periféricos e centrais da PA. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):554-561)


Abstract Background Although the effects of salt intake reduction on casual blood pressure have been extensively studied in hypertensive individuals, data on reductions of added salt on arterial stiffness in both normotensive and prehypertensive subjects are scarce. Objective To evaluate the effects of progressive reduction in added salt intake (from 6 grams to 4 grams per day) on peripheral and central blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Methods This was a single-blinded clinical trial with 13 weeks of follow-up. Normotensive (≤ 130/85 mmHg), prehypertensive (≥ 130 e < 139/≥ 85 e < 90 mmHg) and stage 1 hypertensive individuals (< 139/≥ 85 and < 90 mmHg) were assessed. Casual blood pressure measurements and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were performed using the automated OMRON 705CP device, and central blood pressure was measured using the Sphygmocor®. Twenty-four-hour urinary sodium excretion and the amounts of added salt consumed were measured. Statistically significance level was set at p < 0.05 for all analysis. Results A total of 55 participants (18 normotensive, 15 prehypertensive and 22 hypertensive), median age 48 years (IQR:39-54) were studied. The groups were not different in age or sex. No difference was observed in blood pressure or sodium excretion levels before and after the intervention. No significant changes in arterial stiffness parameters were observed. Conclusion The progressive reduction in added salt intake during a period of 13 weeks did not cause significant reductions in peripheral and central blood pressure. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):554-561)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Pressure , Blood Pressure Determination , Sodium Chloride, Dietary , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Hypertension
12.
Psicol. (Univ. Brasília, Online) ; 36: e3621, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091750

ABSTRACT

Resumo Buscou-se verificar os efeitos da formação de classes de estímulos equivalentes e de dois procedimentos de facilitação na emergência de respostas de analogia, comparando os resultados obtidos nos testes de analogia de acordo com o procedimento de facilitação e com o fornecimento de instrução. Participaram 30 universitários. Foram ensinadas as relações AB e AC entre figuras abstratas e testadas as relações de simetria, transitividade e analogia. Os participantes que não apresentaram essas relações foram expostos aos procedimentos de facilitação. Doze participantes responderam por analogia antes do procedimento de facilitação, cinco de oito (62%), após Facilitação 1 e três de dez (33%), após Facilitação 2. Dos sete participantes expostos à instrução, seis responderam por analogia. A formação das classes não foi suficiente para a emergência das respostas de analogia e alguns participantes podem ter respondido ao Teste de Analogia sob controle de apenas alguns aspectos dos pares de estímulos.


Abstract The goals were to verify the effects of the formation of equivalent stimulus classes and two facilitation procedures on the emergence of analogy responses and to compare the results obtained in the analogy tests according to the facilitation procedure and the provision of instruction. Participants were 30 undergraduate students. AB and AC relations were taught with abstract pictures, then symmetry, transitivity, and analogy relations were tested. Participants who did not show these relations were exposed to the facilitation procedures. Twelve participants responded by analogy before the facilitation procedure, five of eight (62%) after Facilitation 1 and three of ten (33%) after Facilitation 2. Of the seven participants exposed to the instruction, six responded by analogy. Class formation was not enough for the emergence of analogy responses, and some participants might have responded to the Analogy Test under the control of only some aspects of the stimulus pairs.

13.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 25: e43094, 2020. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1091756

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Indivíduos com o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) podem apresentar déficits em comportamentos sociais, como linguagem e interações interpessoais. Intervenções utilizando histórias sociais têm mostrado resultados promissores no ensino de comportamentos socialmente adequados e na redução de comportamentos socialmente inadequados em sala de aula, entre outros ambientes. Histórias sociais são personalizadas a partir do repertório comportamental de cada criança e apresentam as contingências de reforçamento envolvidas no comportamento desejado, no próprio ambiente em que o comportamento ocorre. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos da apresentação de histórias sociais na aprendizagem de comportamentos adequados e na redução de comportamentos inadequados de crianças com TEA em sala de aula. Os participantes foram dois meninos de seis e nove anos de idade, com diagnóstico de TEA, que apresentavam comportamentos inadequados diante de demanda social em ambiente escolar. Comportamentos-alvo para cada participante foram inseridos nas histórias sociais que mostravam as contingências do comportamento inadequado e da resposta alternativa adequada. Antes do início do período em que os comportamentos ocorriam com maior frequência, as histórias foram lidas para as crianças e as frequências dos comportamentos-alvo foram registradas durante a aula. Comportamentos adequados eram reforçados e os inadequados eram seguidos de procedimentos de correção. Os resultados indicaram aumento nos comportamentos adequados e diminuição nos inadequados para os dois participantes, e a diminuição da frequência de outros comportamentos inadequados não tratados diretamente na história social como efeito do engajamento em repertórios adequados de participação nas tarefas em sala de aula. Portanto, as histórias sociais parecem representar uma estratégia promissora na redução de comportamentos inadequados e aumento de adequados em sala de aula, com tempo curto de aplicação e baixo custo de construção dos materiais utilizados.


RESUMEN Los individuos con autismo pueden presentar déficit en comportamientos sociales, como lenguaje e interacciones interpersonales. Las intervenciones que utilizan historias sociales han apuntado resultados prometedores en la enseñanza de comportamientos socialmente adecuados y en la reducción de comportamientos socialmente inadecuados en clase, entre otros ambientes. Las historias sociales son personalizadas a partir del repertorio conductual de cada niño y presentan las contingencias de refuerzo involucradas en el comportamiento deseado, en el propio ambiente en que el comportamiento ocurre. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar los efectos de la presentación de historias sociales en el aprendizaje de comportamientos adecuados y en la reducción de comportamientos inadecuados de niños con autismo en clase. Los participantes fueron dos niños de 6 y 9 años de edad, con diagnóstico de autismo, que presentaban comportamientos inadecuados ante demanda social en ambiente escolar. Los comportamientos objetivo para cada participante fueron insertados en las historias sociales que mostraban las contingencias del comportamiento inadecuado y de la respuesta alternativa adecuada. Antes del inicio del período en que los comportamientos ocurrían con más frecuencia, las historias fueron leídas para los niños y las frecuencias de los comportamientos objetivo se registraron durante la clase. Los comportamientos adecuados se reforzaban y los inadecuados se seguían de procedimientos de corrección. Los resultados indicaron aumento en los comportamientos adecuados y disminución en los inadecuados para los dos participantes, y también la disminución de la frecuencia de otros comportamientos inadecuados no tratados directamente en la historia social como efecto del compromiso en repertorios adecuados de participación en las tareas en el aula. Por lo tanto, las historias sociales parecen representar una estrategia prometedora en la reducción de comportamientos inadecuados y aumento de adecuados en el aula, con tiempo corto de aplicación y bajo costo de construcción de los materiales utilizados.


ABSTRACT Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may present deficits in social behaviors such as language and interpersonal interactions. Interventions that use social stories have shown promising results in teaching socially appropriate behaviors and in reducing socially inappropriate behaviors in the classroom, among other environments. Social stories are personalized from behavioral repertoire of each child and present the contingencies of reinforcement involved in the desired behavior, in the very environment in which the behavior occurs. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of social stories in the learning of appropriate behaviors and in the reduction of inappropriate behaviors of children with ASD in the classroom. The participants were two boys, 6 and 9 years old, diagnosed with ASD, who presented inadequate behaviors in response to social demands in school environment. Target behaviors for each participant were inserted into social stories that showed contingencies of inappropriate behavior and the appropriate alternative response. Before the beginning of the period in which the behaviors occurred more frequently, the stories were read to the children and the frequencies of target behaviors were recorded during class. Appropriate behaviors were encouraged and inappropriate ones were followed by correction procedures. Results indicated an increase in appropriate behaviors and a decrease in inappropriate behaviors for both participants, as well as a decrease in frequency of other inappropriate behaviors not directly addressed in the social stories as an effect of engagement in adequate repertoires of participation in classroom tasks. Therefore, social stories seem to represent a promising strategy in reducing inappropriate behaviors and increasing appropriate ones in the classroom, with short application time and low cost of construction of the materials used.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Teaching/psychology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , History , Reading , Schools/trends , Social Adjustment , Social Behavior , Task Performance and Analysis , Communication , Social Skills , School Teachers/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Learning
14.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 36(3): 353-363, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977066

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar as constatações científicas a respeito do método baby-led weaning (BLW) no âmbito da alimentação complementar. Fontes de dados: Buscas conduzidas na base de dados Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (MEDLINE)/PubMed em agosto de 2016 por dois examinadores independentes, sem delimitação de período. Foram utilizados os descritores: "baby-led weaning" OR "baby-led" OR "BLW". Critérios de inclusão: estudos originais, disponibilizados em inglês, que abordaram o tema do método BLW. Critérios de exclusão: referências em outros idiomas, artigos de opinião e de revisão da literatura, editoriais e publicações que não discorreram sobre o assunto pretendido. Das 97 referências identificadas, 13 foram incluídas na síntese descritiva. Síntese dos dados: Os bebês adeptos ao BLW, quando comparados aos do grupo em conduta alimentar tradicional, foram menos propensos ao excesso de peso, menos exigentes em relação ao alimento e consumiam os mesmos alimentos da família. Os episódios de engasgo não diferiram entre os grupos. As mães que optaram pela implementação do BLW exibiram mais escolaridade, ocupavam um cargo gerencial no trabalho e apresentaram maior probabilidade de terem amamentado até o sexto mês. Foram mencionados preocupações com bagunça nas refeições, desperdício de comida e engasgo/asfixia, mas a maioria recomendava a adoção do método. Os profissionais da saúde demonstraram receio em indicá-lo. Conclusões: O BLW foi sugerido pelas mães que o seguiram com seus filhos, todavia relataram-se preocupações, que, somadas ao receio dos profissionais acerca da capacidade dos bebês de se autoalimentarem, refletem escassez de conhecimento sobre o método.


ABSTRACT Objective: To review the scientific findings on the baby-led weaning method (BLW) in the context of complementary feeding. Data sources: Two independent examiners searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE)/PubMed database in August 2016. No time-period was defined for the publication dates. The following descriptors were used: "baby-led weaning" OR "baby-led" OR "BLW". Inclusion criteria were: original studies that were available in English, and which addressed the BLW method. Exclusion criteria were: references in other languages, opinion articles and literature reviews, editorials and publications that did not elaborate on the intended subject. Of the 97 references identified, 13 were included in the descriptive synthesis. Data synthesis: The BLW group of babies, when compared to the traditional eating group, were less prone to being overweight, less demanding of food, and ate the same foods as the family. The number of choking episodes did not differ between groups. Mothers who opted for the implementation of BLW had higher levels of schooling, held managerial positions at work, and were more likely to have breastfed until the sixth month of the child's life. Concerns were raised about messes made during meals, wasting food, and choking, but most of the mothers recommended adopting the method. Health professionals were hesitant to indicate this method. Conclusions: BLW was recommended by mothers who followed the method with their own children. However, concerns have been reported, which, coupled with professionals' fears about the inability of infants to self-feed, reflect a lack of knowledge about the method.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Weaning , Feeding Behavior , Infant Behavior , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
15.
Psicol. Educ. (Online) ; (45): 11-20, dez. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-996506

ABSTRACT

A literatura da área de Análise do Comportamento tem mostrado contínuas evidências de que programas de ensino baseados no paradigma de equivalência de estímulos são eficazes no ensino de diferentes habilidades acadêmicas tanto em crianças de desenvolvimento típico quanto em crianças com atrasos de desenvolvimento. O procedimento informatizado de escolha-de-acordo-com-o-modelo (MTS, em inglês) foi usado com sucesso, em estudos anteriores, para o ensino de habilidades matemáticas (por exemplo, uso de sistema monetário) para jovens com deficiência intelectual. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do ensino informatizado em tarefas de MTS, e desenvolver, aplicar e avaliar um currículo para ensino de conceito de número para crianças com TEA. Para o ensino do conceito de número, foi conduzido um treino gradual, usando como estímulos grupos de três numerais, em tarefas de MTS computadorizado para a formação das classes de 'numeral' e 'quantidade', relacionadas entre si. Participaram da pesquisa três alunos com TEA de oito a 12 anos de idade. Os resultados mostraram que o procedimento foi eficaz para todos os participantes, e que um dos três participantes adquiriu todo o repertório desejado em um total de 24 sessões de ensino.


The purposes of this research are to evaluate the effectiveness of MTS computerized teaching tasks, and develop, apply and evaluate a Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm based curriculum to teach number concept. Studies that used MTS procedure to teach arbitrary conditional discriminations and equivalence relations obtained positive results on subjects with disability. We propose a systematic replication of Rossit (2003), that used MTS tasks to teach monetary system to youths with intellectual disability on a Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm based organized curriculum. In order to teach number concept, the experimental stimuli (numerals from one until nine, and figures of non-representational forms) were divided in three stimuli groups of increasing values in a multiple baseline design among stimuli groups. Participants in the research were three ASD students, eight to 12 years old. The results show efficacy on teaching number concept for ASD children with strategy derived from Stimulus Equivalence, replicating the results obtained by Rossit (2003) and corroborating previous notes on the contribution of resource derived from the Applied Behavior Analysis for the success in including students with ASD. To teach the concept of number, a gradual training was conducted using as stimuli groups of three numerals, in tasks of computerized MTS for the formation of the 'numeral' and 'quantity' classes, related to each other. Three students with ASD from eight to 12 years old participated in the study. The results showed that the procedure was effective for all participants, and one of the three participants acquired the whole wanted repertoire in 24 teaching sessions.


La literatura sobre la conducta en Análisis de la Conducta evidencia que programas de educación basados en el paradigma de la equivalencia de estímulos son eficaces en la enseñanza de diversas habilidades académicas, en niños con desarrollo típico y niños con retrasos en el desarrollo. El procedimiento informatizado de elecciónde-acuerdo-con-modelo (MTS, en Inglés) se ha utilizado con éxito en estudios previos para la educación de habilidades matemáticas (por ejemplo, utilizar el sistema monetario) para los jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de la enseñanza informatizada en las tareas de MTS, desarrollar, implementar y evaluar un currículo para la enseñanza de conceptos numéricos para niños con TEA. Para la enseñanza del concepto de número, un entrenamiento gradual se llevó a cabo, utilizando como estímulos grupos de tres números en tareas MTS informatizados para la formación de la clase "número" y "cantidad" vinculado. Los participantes fueron tres estudiantes con TEA de ocho a 12 años de edad. Los resultados mostraron que el procedimiento fue efectivo para todos los participantes, y que uno de los tres participantes adquirió todo el repertorio deseado en un total de 24 sesiones de enseñanza. señanza.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Autistic Disorder , Therapeutic Equivalency , Child , Mathematics/education
16.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 26(6): 738-743, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829908

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to provide scientific knowledge to support the use of Vernonia condensata Baker, Asteraceae, beverages for their alleged hypocholesterolemic properties by testing their action as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and their capacity to lower dietary cholesterol permeation. Chlorogenic acid, and other caffeoylquinic acids derivatives were identified as the main components of these beverages by LC–MS/MS. No changes in the composition were notice after the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and no toxicity against Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines was detected. Cholesterol permeation through Caco-2 monolayers was reduced in 37% in the presence of these herbal teas, and the caffeoylquinic acids permeated the monolayers in 30–40% of their initial amount in 6 h. HMG-CoA reductase activity was reduced with these beverages, showing an IC50 of 217 µg ml−1. It was concluded that caffeoylquinic acids, the major components, justified 98% of the enzyme inhibition measured.

17.
Rev. bras. ter. comport. cogn ; 11(1): 61-76, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-531606

ABSTRACT

Pesquisadores de diversas áreas têm analisado obras literárias devido ao seu eminente conteúdo psicológico. Interpretações comportamentais de peças de ficção são raras, e quando analistas do comportamento estudam obras literárias, geralmente analisam o comportamento do autor/artista ou servem-se dessas obras para ilustrar fenômenos comportamentais. Ao recorrer à ficção como objeto de análise, leva-se em conta que os personagens ali descritos comportam-se, em última instância, obedecendo aos mesmos controles a que estariam expostas pessoas reais em condições naturais. Peças teatrais referem-se quase exclusivamente ao comportamento verbal de suas personagens, sendo pertinente analisar os controles sobre suas falas. Foram verificadas contingências que dão conta da relação funcional entre respostas verbais e estímulos controladores no encadeamento de comportamentos intraverbais de resolução de problemas, usando como objeto de estudo personagens da peça “Otelo” de Shakespeare. Procedeu-se a análise funcional de respostas verbais identificando instâncias de comportamento e verificando antecedentes e conseqüentes relevantes à emissão de determinadas respostas.


Researchers have analyzed literature for its evident psychological content. However, behavioral interpretations of fictional plays are rare because, when behaviorists study works of literature, they often analyze the behavior of the author/artist or use it to illustrate behavioral phenomena. With fiction as a subject for analysis, one has to consider that the characters described in the piece ultimately behave under the same controls as do real people under natural conditions. Theater plays revolve, almost exclusively, around the verbal behavior of characters, and then it is relevant to analyze the controls on their speeches. Using characters from the play “Othello” by W. Shakespeare as subject, contingencies were verified to show functional relationships between verbal responses and control stimuli in the intraverbal chained behaviors of problem solving. Functional analyses of verbal responses were made through the identification of behavior instances and verification of antecedents and consequents relevant to the emission of specific responses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior Control/psychology , Deception , Literature , Verbal Behavior
18.
Rev. APS ; 12(2)abr.-jun. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-556350

ABSTRACT

Este estudo buscou identificar a influência exercida pelo Estágio Supervisionado na formação do cirurgião-dentista,em consonância com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais -DCN, por meio da percepção de uma turma de alunos do último semestre do curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG. A metodologia consistiu na aplicação de dois questionários fechados,um antes e outro após a realização do estágio, com algumas questões de sim/não e outras de escala, utilizando o modelo de Likert, formuladas com base no texto das DCN. Os resultados indicam que o Estágio Supervisionado exerce papel importante na incorporação das competências/habilidades descritas nas DCN, sendo que o percentual dos alunos que se consideraram MUITO/COMPLETAMENTE capazes de realizar as atividades relacionadas à "Atenção à Saúde", "Tomada de Decisões", "Comunicação", "Administração e Gerenciamento" e "Educação Permanente" foi maior após a realização do estágio, enquanto o dos que se consideraram INCAPAZES/POUCO capazes foi menor. Somente quanto à competência/habilidade "Liderança" a diferença obtida foi pequena, indicando influência menos expressiva nesse aspecto.


This study aimed to identify the influence of supervisedtraining (ST) on the formation of the Bachelor of DentalSurgery, according to the Brazilian National Curricular Directives(NCD), as seen through the perception of a seniorclass of dental students from the Minas Gerais FederalUniversity. The quantitative methodology consisted of oftwo closed questionnaires - one before and another afterST - with some YES/NO questions and other questionsusing the Likert Scale. Question formulation was based onthe NCD text. The results indicate that ST has an importantrole in the incorporation of the abilities/competenciesdescribed in the NCD. The number of students that consideredthemselves VERY/COMPLETELY able to performthe activities related to ?Healthcare?, ?Decision Making?,?Communication?, ?Administration and Management?and ?Permanent Education? was higher after ST, whereasthe number of students that considered themselves NOTVERY/REASONABLY or NOT able was lower. Thecompetency/ability ?Leadership? was the only one to showa non-significant influence of ST.


Subject(s)
Universities , Education, Dental , Competency-Based Education , Professional Training
19.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 34(supl.1): 82-87, 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-465551

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: Dor é um dos sintomas físicos mais freqüentemente relatados por pacientes, causando importante redução na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Pacientes com dor crônica são difíceis de tratar. OBJETIVO: Descrever estratégias atuais de abordagem de pacientes com dores crônicas, baseadas na literatura científica, enfatizando medidas relacionadas à espiritualidade e à religiosidade. MÉTODO: A presente revisão utilizou-se das atuais estratégias de manejo para pacientes com dor crônica combinadas a medidas medicamentosas e não-medicamentosas, estas geralmente incorporando medidas voltadas ao bem-estar físico, mental, social e espiritual com base em publicações indexadas pelo Medline. RESULTADOS: Muitos estudos demonstram associação positiva entre espiritualidade e religiosidade e melhora em variáveis e marcadores de doenças crônicas. CONCLUSÃO: Pelo fato de a religiosidade e a espiritualidade serem marcadamente relacionadas com a melhora clínica dos pacientes, é importante que o reconhecimento desses aspectos e a integração no manejo dos pacientes com dor crônica sejam conduzidos por profissionais da área de saúde.


BACKGROUND: Pain is one of the most common physical complaints which negatively affects the patients quality of life. Patients with chronic pain are difficult and often frustrating to treat. OBJECTIVE: To describe the current strategies for approaching patients with chronic pain based on scientific literature, emphasizing measures related to spirituality and religiosity. METHOD: For the present work, authors reviewed data supporting the application of clinical procedures regarding to chronic pain and palliative care with the importance of spirituality background incorporation based on indexed Medline data. RESULTS: Many studies have demonstrated a positive association between spirituality and religiosity and improvement of chronic diseases variables and markers. CONCLUSION: As religiosity and spirituality are notoriously related to the patients clinical improvement, it is highly important that the recognition of these aspects and their incorporation in the management of patients with chronic pain be conducted by health professionals.


Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Chronic Disease , Spirituality , Headache/psychology , Handling, Psychological
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