ABSTRACT
Context: low physical activity is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases [NCD] such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The current paper reviews the main findings from Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS] that focus on physical activity and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors over the past two decades
Evidence Acquisition: we conducted a literature search for articles from 1999 to December 2017 using the search terms: [Physical activity, leisure time physical activity, non-communicable disease, and TLGS]
Results: the prevalence of low physical activity was 69.8% during phase II of TLGS [2000 - 2004]. During 6.5 years of follow up, the prevalence of low physical activity in the total population decreased significantly between phases II [2000 - 2004] and IV of TLGS [2008 - 2010] [P < 0.05]. Overweight individuals with sedentary lifestyles had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, compared to those who had high levels of leisure-time physical activity in phase IV of TLGS [2008 - 2010]; in the obese group, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels differed significantly between different leisure-time physical activity categories [106.9 +/- 14.3 vs. 119.1 +/- 17.2 mmHg, P = 0.03] and [111.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 147.1 +/- 1.6 mg/dL, P = 0.01], respectively
Conclusions: the present review highlights the impact of low physical activity on the health of the TLGS community from adolescence to adulthood. The decreased prevalence of low physical activity from phase II to phase IV of TLGS indicates the necessity for lifestyle interventions as a potentially effective strategy, which could have a positive impact on various risk factors and indicators of non-communicable diseases such as body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and lipid profiles
ABSTRACT
Context: the Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS] is one of the oldest population-based longitudinal cohort studies, providing knowledge about the incidence and risk factors of some non-communicable diseases [NCDs] in West Asia which hitherto was relatively scarce. We reviewed the methods and results related to the outcome measurements of this study
Evidence Acquisition: we reviewed all the TLGS papers which reported the incidence of NCDs
Results: the TLGS was initiated in 1999 - 2001 on a population in district no. 13 of Tehran with the same age distribution of the overall Tehran population and with a middle socioeconomic status. Totally, 15005 individuals, aged >/= 3 years, participated in the first examination; reexaminations were conducted in a triennial manner and 3550 individuals were added in the second examination. All participants were also followed up annually and asked about any medical event leading to hospitalization or death. A part of participants was assigned to an educational program for lifestyle modification. High incidence of cardiovascular disease [CVD], premature CVD, diabetes and hypertension [around 19, 6, 10 and 31 in men and 11, 5, 11 and 29 in women per 1000 person-year, respectively] besides the high incidence of pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension [around 46 and 76 in men and 37 and 49 in women per 1000 person-year, respectively] showed a worrying situation. Fortunately, the results of the community interventions were promising with around 20% reduction in the risk of metabolic syndrome up to six years
Conclusions: these precise detections of different outcomes in the TLGS provided valuable evidences for prediction and prevention of NCDs in Iran with some novelties in the middle-income countries in the world. The Tehran thyroid study [TTS] and the Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study [TCGS], conducted in the framework of the TLGS, are among few studies aiming to determine the natural course of thyroid function and to identify patterns of genetic polymorphisms related to cardiometabolic outcomes, respectively
ABSTRACT
The loss of muscle mass is associated with aging. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training and detraining on muscle mass in elderly women. Twenty post-menopausal women aged >/= 50 years old were enrolled. Matching for age, they were randomly assigned into control and resistance training group [RT]. The intervention consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions for 10 movements with Thera-Band tubing [based on 80-100% 10-RM], three times a week, for 12 weeks and thereafter, four weeks detraining. Skinfold thickness was determined by caliper. Percentage of body fat was estimated from skinfold thickness [triceps and subscapular] by McArdle method. Fat mass [FM] and fat-free mass [FFM] were calculated. Range of motion for trunk flexion and extension was determined. During 12 weeks of intervention, significant increases were observed in 1-RM of biceps curl, FFM, trunk flexion and extension and significant decreases during four weeks detraining in RT group. The RT group demonstrated significant decreases during resistance training and increases during detraining in skinfold thickness. FFM, trunk flexion, and extension decreased and skinfold thickness,%FM, and weight of body fat increased in the control group [P < 0.05]. Resistance training with Thera-Band enhanced strength and muscle endurance in elderly women and a 4-week detraining period had an adverse effect on muscle power. This suggests that a strength training program is an effective intervention to prevent functional reductions, and can contribute to improve neuromuscular function in older adults
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Muscle Strength , Postmenopause , Aging , Body CompositionABSTRACT
Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire [MAQ] in a sample of adults from Tehran, Iran
Methods: There were 48 adults [53.1% males] enrolled to test the physical activity questionnaire. A sub-sample included 33 participants [45.5% males] who assessed the reliability of the physical activity questionnaire. The validity was tested in 25 individuals [48.0% males]. The reliability of two MAQs was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficients. The validation study was evaluated with the Spearman correlation coefficients to compare data between the means of 2 MAQs and the means of 4 physical activity records
Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients between 2 MAQs for the previous year's leisure time was 0.94; for occupational, it was 0.98; and for total [leisure and occupational combined] physical activity, it was 0.97. The Spearman correlation coefficients between the means of the 2 MAQs and means of the 4 physical activity records was 0.39 [P=0.05] for leisure time, 0.36 [P=0.07] for occupational, and 0.47 [P=0.01] for total [leisure and occupational combined] physical activities
Conclusions: High reliability and relatively moderate validity were found for the Persian translated MAQ in adults from Tehran. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are suggested to more precisely assess the validity of the MAQ
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Urban Population , AdultABSTRACT
Objective [s]: Existing data show a considerable prevalence of non communicable diseases risk factors and their rising trend in our country. Unhealthy nutrition is an important underlying factor for mentioned diseases. Considering the necessity of understanding the underlying factors of a healthy nutrition from the perspective of society members and lack of related studies from Iran, the current study investigates perceptions and experiences of Tehranian men who are participating in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]
Methods: This is a qualitative study, conducted according to the grounded theory approach. In total 8 semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted in TLGS unit, during 2008 to 2009. Participants were 96 men, aged 25-65 years, who were selected and recruited in the current study from the fourth phase of TLGS. All interviews and focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data collection and analysis were done simultaneously according to the Strauss and Corbin analysis method
Results: Based on content analysis of data, barriers to a healthy nutrition are [inefficient education], [behavioral models],[lack of access], [women's role] and [personal taste and interest]
Conclusion: Study results demonstrated the main barriers for a healthy nutrition as perceived by men, barriers that any effective interventions require to address for tackling non-communicable diseases in Tehranian families
ABSTRACT
In the increasing population of the elderly in Iran, so far no prospective health studies have been undertaken. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors of survival time of the elderly of ages above 60 years
Material and Methods: Individuals above 60 years old were recruited in the primary phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] during 1998-2001. They were followed up for 10 years and their vital status were registered [1998-2008]. Age and sex mortality rates for age groups [60-69, 70-79, 80+] were calculated and by using Cox proportional hazard model the hazard rates were estimated
Results: Out of 929 males, 154 [17%] and out of 869 women 85[10%] died during the follow-up years. Cox model showed that diabetes on an average reduces 4.4 years and 2.5 years and smoking reduces 5 and 6.6 years of males' and females' survival time, respectively. BMI>33Kg/m2 and dis-lipoproteinemia reduce 4.5 years and 4 years of women's life span. Tehranian native men on an average live 3 years shorter than other male residents. In addition, hypertension and history of MI, stroke or sudden death of father, brother or son reduce 3.3 years and 4.1 years of men's life time
Conclusion: The elderly population is in need of a healthy ageing to be gained from prevention and intervention. Identification of life time reducing risk factors of elderly helps the policymakers to develop some protocols to increase the life span of the population