Association of risky driving behavior with psychiatric disorders among Iranian drivers: A case-control study / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#This study aimed to investigate the possible association between psychological disorders and risky driving behavior (RDB) in Iran.@*METHODS@#This case-control study conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2021. The case group included drivers with psychological disorders and the control group included those without any disorders. The inclusion criteria for selecting patients were: active driving at the time of the study, being 18 - 65 years old, having a driving license, having a psychological disorder including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety spectrum disorder, or psychotic disorder spectrum confirmed by a psychiatrist, and completing an informed consent form. The exclusion criterion was the existence of conditions that interfered with answering and understanding the questions. The inclusion criteria for selecting the healthy cases were: active driving at the time of the study, being 18 - 65 years old, having a driving license, lack of any past or present history of psychiatric problems, and completing an informed consent form. The data were gathered using a researcher-made checklist and Manchester driving behavior questionnaire. First, partition around medoids method was used to extract clusters of RDB. Then, backward logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between the independent variables and the clusters of RDB.@*RESULTS@#The sample comprised of 344 (153 with psychological disorder and 191 without confirmed psychological disorder) drivers. Backward elimination logistic regression on total data revealed that share of medical expenditure ≤ 10% of total household expenditure (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.48 - 7.24), psychological disorder (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.67 - 5.70), and substance abuse class (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 3.55 - 11.48) were associated with high level of RDB.@*CONCLUSION@#Substance abuse, psychological illnesses, and share of medical costs from total household expenditure were found to be main predictors of RDB. Further investigations are necessary to explain the impact of different psychological illnesses on driving behavior.

Comparison of the temperament and character of patients referred to cosmetic nasal surgeon in Shiraz hospitals, 2015

Background: Rhinoplasty is the most common cosmetic surgery which has been dramatically increasing in Iran. Currently, Iran is ranked the first in the world in rhinoplasty. In the present study, we aimed to assess the character and temperament traits of the applicants referred to rhinoplasty surgeons in Shiraz, southwest Iran in 2015

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 500 participants among rhinoplasty applicants for case and among students and clerks residing in Shiraz by convenience sampling method in 2015. The two groups were matched regarding the gender, age and educational level. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and temperament and character inventory to assess the four dimensions of temperament [including novelty seeking; harm avoidance; reward dependence; persistence] and the three dimensions of character [including self-directedness; cooperativeness; self-transcendence]. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Chi- square and t-test were used as appropriated

Results: The mean +/- SD age of the participants was 27.43 +/- 6.6. The results showed a significant difference between the case and control groups with respect to the temperaments of novelty [9.47 +/- 2.80], harm avoidance [9.12 +/- 3.3], persistence [2.69 +/- 1.04], the characters of cooperativeness [15.38 +/- 4.02], and self-transcendence [9.48 +/- 3.41]

Conclusion: Evaluating character and temperament traits in rhinoplasty applicants will be so helpful in identifying and predicting good candidates for such cosmetic surgery. Selecting the ideal patients can not only reduce the costs resulting from rhinoplasty imposed on families and society but also enhance the satisfaction of the patients and the surgeons

Sleep quality among patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional study

Objective: To evaluate and describe the sleep quality in seven subscales among the patients with mild traumatic brain injury [TBI] and compare it with normal patterns

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted within a 6-month period from February to August 2014 in Shahid Rajaei trauma center of Shiraz. Participants were selected randomly from all adult [18-60 years of age] patients admitted during the study period with impression of mild TBI [GCS of more than 13]. The patients' sleep quality and demographic characteristics were evaluated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI] and selfreport questionnaire, respectively. Results were compared with normal data, which extracted from the normative data of PSQI manual

Results: Overall we included 60 patients with mild TBI with mean age of 36.2 +/- 13.4 years. All the patients had sleep disturbance. Among them there were 46 [76.7%] men and 14 [23.3%] women. The subjective sleep quality [p=0.01], sleep latency [p=0.01], habitual sleep efficiency [p=0.01], sleep disturbance [p=0.01], use of sleep medication [p=0.01] and day time dysfunction [p=0.01] were significantly impaired in patients with mild TBI when compared to normal values. There were no difference between men and women regarding the sleep quality. The sleep duration was comparable between the subjects and the normal values

Conclusion: Patients with mild TBI have poor sleep quality which should be considered as one of the main factors in interventions after the injury and it might lead to better quality of life

Comparison of personality traits, coping styles, and psychiatric disorders in adult suicidal and non-suicidal individuals

Suicide is a major health problem accounting for 9% of all deaths. Thus, suicide prevention is of particular importance in high-risk groups. Taking care of the individuals who have committed suicide is also considered as a major problem for health professionals. In general, individuals' personality and attitude toward problems are involved in the incidence of suicide. Human personality is an integrated but complex phenomenon characterized by its extensiveness and large variety of concepts. The present study aimed to evaluate personality traits and coping styles among suicidal and non-suicidal individuals referring to the hospitals and health centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, 100 suicidal patients and 100 non-suicidal individuals [mean age: 27.21 years] were randomly selected and matched in terms of demographic variables. All the participants completed Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness [NEO] personality questionnaire, Lazarus coping strategies questionnaire, and SCL-90-R. Then, the data were analyzed using T-test, chi-square test, and stepwise liner regression. The study results showed that the highest scores in the case and control groups were related to neuroticism [32.35 +/- 3.21] and conscientiousness [36.87 +/- 3.26], respectively [P<0.001]. The two groups were also compared with respect to the two main types of coping styles. In both coping styles, the mean scores of the control group were higher than those of the case group although the difference was only significant regarding the problem-focused coping style. The results revealed a significant relationship between coping styles and extroversion as well as nervousness. Nervousness and extraversion scores could predict the coping style. In addition, suicidal individuals obtained higher scores in nervousness and emotion-focused coping style compared to the control group

effect of conflict resolution training on children's behavioral problems in Shiraz, southern Iran: a randomized controlled trial

There is evidence that marital problems can contribute to child behavior problems. In fact, the way that parents solve their conflicts, such as aggression, physical violence, and poor communication skills, can eventually culminate in aggression and emotional problems in children. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of conflict resolution training on children's behavioral problems in a sample of Iranian couples. This randomized controlled trial study was carried out on the couples who referred to counseling centers in Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 56 couples were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received 10 sessions of communication skills training. All the participants filled out conflict resolution questionnaire and Child Behavior Problem Checklist [CBCL]. To analyze the data we used the SPSS statistical software [version 16], using repeated measurement test, paired t-test, and independent t test. In this study, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the demographic characteristics. Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mean score of child behavior problems. Besides, a significant difference was found in the intervention group's mean score of marital conflict in post-test compared to the pre-test; however, no such trend was observed in the control group. Conflict resolution skill training was effective in reducing marital conflict. Also, it showed a slight reduction in the score of child behavior problems after the intervention. But this reduction wasn't statisticaly significant

Executive functions among traumatic injury patients: comparison of normal individuals and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objectives: To describe the executive function of patients with traumatic injury admitted to Rajaei hospital, Shiraz, Iran and to compare the executive function between normal individuals and those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD]

Methods: This was a case control study being performed during a 6-month period during spring and summer of 2013 in Shiraz level I trauma center. We included all patients admitted during the study period with impression of traumatic injury with or without adult ADHD. The patients' demographic factors were assessed through self-report questionnaire and executive functions by Wisconsin Card Sort Test [WCST] and Tower of London [TOL]. Results were compared between normal individuals and those with ADHD

Results: Among 60 patients evaluated during the study period, with impression of traumatic injury, 29 fulfilled adult ADHD criteria and 31 were normal. The mean age of ADHD patients was 27.16 +/- 5.6 years and that of normal individuals was 26 +/- 3.4 years [p=0.330]. There were no significant differences between two study groups regarding IQ [p=0.191] and education [p=0.396]. Patients with ADHD had significantly poorer mean in executive functions in different parts of the test scoring system when compared to normal individuals

Conclusion: ADHD patients with traumatic injury had poor executive function compared to normal individuals. This might lead to poor inhibition, shifting and problem solving in this population