ABSTRACT
Background@#Current therapies are quite unsuccessful in the management of neuropathic pain. Therefore, considering the inhibitory characteristics of GABA mediators, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of GABAergic neural precursor cells on neuropathic pain management. @*Methods@#Search was conducted on Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A search strategy was designed based on the keywords related to GABAergic cells combined with neuropathic pain. The outcomes were allodynia and hyperalgesia. The results were reported as a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). @*Results@#Data of 13 studies were analyzed in the present meta-analysis. The results showed that administration of GABAergic cells improved allodynia (SMD = 1.79;95% CI: 0.87, 271; P < 0.001) and hyperalgesia (SMD = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.26, 2.32; P = 0.019). Moreover, the analyses demonstrated that the efficacy of GABAergic cells in the management of allodynia and hyperalgesia is only observed in rats. Also, only genetically modified cells are effective in improving both of allodynia, and hyperalgesia. @*Conclusions@#A moderate level of pre-clinical evidence showed that transplantation of genetically-modified GABAergic cells is effective in the management of neuropathic pain. However, it seems that the transplantation efficacy of these cells is only statistically significant in improving pain symptoms in rats. Hence, caution should be exercised regarding the generalizability and the translation of the findings from rats and mice studies to large animal studies and clinical trials.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Human eye colour as a physical trait is based on the developmental biology and genetic determinants of the structure known as the iris, which is part of the uveal tract of the eye. Prediction of human visible characteristics [EVCs] by genotyping informative SNPs in DNA as biological witness opens up a new avenue in the forensic genetic. Variation of iris color rely on the amounts of eumelanine and pheomelanin. The aim of this research was to determine and evaluate the frequency and the association of rs12913832 with prediction of human eye color in 53 volunteer of Iranian population samples
Methods: A selection of human body blood samples were collected from donors with informed consent in Clinic Ophthalmology of Baqiyatallah hospital. DNA was extracted from the samples using RGDE procedure. PCR primers for rs12913832 were designed to give amplicon sizes up to 189 bp and Single base extensions [SBE] were done by applying the SNaPshot Multiplex kit in 6 and mul reaction volumes. The results were analyzed with the SPSS 22.0 software package
Results: The frequency of eye color were achieved for brown 34%, blue 17% and intermediate colors 49%, respectively. The genotype frequencies of T/T, C/T and C/C in our population were 4.26%, 8.35% and 7.37%, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed the two genotypes including T/T and C/C had a significant associate with dark brown eyes and bright blue eyes, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of our method were determined 100% and 56.25%,respectively
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that rs12913832 C>T polymorphism is associated with blue iris color in Iranian population. However, assessment SNP markers by using SNaPshot is a key tool for tracing unknown persons to get primarily information about genotypic and phenotypic characteristics