Relationship between mastication and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the relationship between mastication and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults. Research strategies To establish the eligibility criteria, the acronym PECOS was used: Population: non-institutionalized older adults; Exposure: older adults with malnutrition; Control: older adults without malnutrition; Outcome: masticatory problems in malnourished older adults; Study types: observational studies. Selection criteria It selected studies assessing malnutrition and mastication difficulties in non-institutionalized adults over 60 years old, of both sexes. Mastication and malnutrition were evaluated with questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and clinical and instrumental assessments. There were no restrictions on language, year of publication, or ethnicity. Data analysis The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality with the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for cross-sectional studies. For the cross-sectional studies included, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results After searching the databases, 692 references were retrieved, with three studies selected for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The values obtained in the meta-analysis for association show that malnutrition and mastication difficulties were 2.21 times as likely to occur (OR = 2.21; 95%CI = 0.93 - 5.26; I2 = 94%) as individuals without malnutrition (p < 0.001). The assessment of the risk of bias presented a high-risk, a moderate-risk, and a low-risk study. The certainty of evidence was rated very low with the GRADE tool. Conclusion Individuals at risk of malnutrition are 2.21 times as likely to have mastication difficulties.

Tempo de transição alimentar e método de alimentação na alta hospitalar de prematuros com displasia broncopulmonar / Feeding transition time and feeding method at hospital discharge of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o tempo de transição alimentar e a forma de alimentação por via oral na alta hospitalar, entre recém-nascidos prematuros com diagnóstico de displasia broncopulmonar e prematuros sem o diagnóstico. Métodos Estudo transversal, retrospectivo com base na coleta de dados nos prontuários. Foram coletados dados de 78 recém-nascidos, em uma maternidade de referência. A amostra foi estratificada em dois grupos, de acordo com a presença do diagnóstico de displasia broncopulmonar, sendo um grupo de prematuros com displasia broncopulmonar e outro sem. Foram analisados o tempo de transição alimentar e o método de alimentação na alta hospitalar de ambos os grupos. Resultados Houve diferença significativa no tempo de transição alimentar e no método de alimentação na alta hospitalar entre os grupos. Os recém-nascidos pré-termo com displasia broncopulmonar apresentaram média de 18,03 (± 5,5) dias de transição e saíram em uso de mamadeira. Conclusão O grupo com displasia broncopulmonar necessitou de maior tempo de transição alimentar e teve menor frequência de aleitamento materno exclusivo, em relação ao grupo sem o diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the time of food transition and the form of oral feeding at hospital discharge, between premature newborns diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and premature newborns without the diagnosis. Methods Cross-sectional, retrospective study based on data collection from medical records. Data were collected from 78 newborns, in a reference maternity hospital, in which the sample was stratified into two groups according to the presence or absence of the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The time of food transition and the feeding method at hospital discharge were analyzed for both groups. Results There was a significant difference in the time of food transition and in the feeding method at hospital discharge between the groups. Preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had an average of 18.03 (± 5.5) transition days and left using a bottle. Conclusion The group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia required a longer time of food transition and fewer ( of its ) infants had exclusive breastfeeding compared to the group without the diagnosis.

Seasonal and pluviometric effects on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidant potential of Licania macrophylla Benth (Chrysobalanaceae), a medicinal plant from the Amazon rainforest

Abstract Licania macrophylla is a medicinal plant from the Amazon. It is mainly used in the form of a decoction and has been reported to contain several phenolic compounds. However, the effect of seasonality on the phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of this plant has not been well studied, especially in the Amazon region, an area affected by the rainy and less-rainy seasons. Therefore, we evaluated the seasonality of these aromatic compounds and the antioxidant potential of the extracts from L. macrophylla stem bark. We also determined the correlation between the extraction methods used and precipitation levels during each period for 1 year. The total flavonoid and phenolic content, DPPH-scavenging potential, percentage of phosphomolybdenum complex reduction, and iron-reducing power were quantified. The levels of phenolic compounds were the highest in June, whereas those of flavonoids were the highest in September and October; however, these differences were not significant. The extracts from April, November, and June showed the best results for DPPH scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reduction, and iron reduction power, respectively. Significant differences in the phenolic content and DPPH-scavenging activity were observed between the more- and less-rainy seasons. The total phenolic content was positively correlated with FRAP and DPPH, whereas flavonoid levels were negatively correlated.

Angiotomografía de las variantes anatómicas de la arteria cística: estudio en el preoperatorio de colelitiasis / Angiotomography of the anatomical variants of the cystic artery: pre-operative study of cholelithiasis

La colecistectomía laparoscópica es el tratamiento indicado en la colelitiasis, sin embargo el procedimiento no está exento de complicaciones o morbilidad concomitante. Es posible que, debido a lesiones ductales colaterales, ocurra sangrado con posibilidad de conversión de la cirugía e indeseables resultados. Para un correcto abordaje de la región se hace fundamental la identificación del trígono cistohepático (TCH) y sus componentes, a su vez de la ligadura y sección de la arteria cística (AC). Conociendo la elevada variabilidad de la AC, el objetivo de este trabajo consistió en identificar el número, origen, trayecto y relación de la AC con el TCH y sus variaciones, utilizando angiotomografía por medio de un tomógrafo detector de 64 cortes, en el preoperatorio de 30 pacientes de sexo femenino, entre 24 y 54 años de edad, con colelitiasis diagnosticadas clínicamente y por ecosonografía. La AC en el 76,67 % era única y se encontraba dentro del TCH, en el 16,67 % era única y se observó fuera del TCH. En el 6,67 % se observaron dos AC, una dentro y otra fuera del TCH. En el 66,67 % de los casos la AC se originaba de manera normal de la arteria hepática derecha. La trazabilidad de la AC fue en el 53,3 % medianamente visible y en el 46,7 % de trazabilidad excelente. En conclusión, la identificación de la AC y sus variaciones anatómicas se puede determinar en el preoperatorio y puede ser útil para mejorar el plan quirúrgico en pacientes con colelitiasis, brindando información al procedimiento, optimizarlo y disminuir los riesgos de eventuales complicaciones relacionados con sangrado.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment indicated for cholelithiasis, however the procedure is not free of complications or concomitant morbidity. It is possible that, due to collateral ductal lesions, bleeding occurs with the possibility of surgery conversion and undesirable results. For a correct approach to the region it is essential to identify the cystohepatic trigone (CHT) and its components, as well as the ligation and section of the cystic artery (AC). Knowing the high variability of CA, the aim of this work was to identify the number, origin, path and relationship of CA with the CHT and its variations using angiotomography by means of a 64-slice detector tomograph in the preoperative period of 30 female patients, between 24 and 54 years old, with clinically diagnosed cholelithiasis and by echo sonography. The AC in 76.67 % was unique and was within the CHT, in 16.67 % it was unique and was observed outside the CHT. In 6.67 %, two ACs were observed, one inside and one outside the TCH. In 66.67 % of cases, CA originated normally from the right hepatic artery. The traceability of AC was 53.3 % moderately visible and 46.7 % excellent traceability. In conclusion, the identification of AC and its anatomical variations can be determined in the preoperative period and can be useful to improve the surgical plan in patients with cholelithiasis, providing information on the procedure, optimizing it and reducing the risks of possible bleeding related complications.

Cor triatriatum sinister: A propósito de un caso / Cor triatriatum sinister: Report of a case / Cor triatriatum sinister: Relato de um caso

El cor triatriatum sinister es una causa muy poco común de hipertensión pulmonar venosa y de insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, con una incidencia reportada del 0,1% de los niños con defectos cardíacos congénitos. La historia natural de este defecto depende del tamaño del orificio en la membrana. Se caracteriza por la presencia de una membrana fibromuscular que divide la aurícula izquierda en dos cavidades, comunicadas por uno o varios orificios, con distintos grados de obstrucción. La forma obstructiva parcial puede cursar asintomática y ser diagnosticada en forma casual por un ecocardiograma. Se asocia con frecuencia a otras anomalías congénitas entre ellas a comunicación interauricular (CIA). Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 43 años, portadora de hipertensión arterial con antecedentes de cierre directo de una CIA hace 8 meses, diagnóstico confirmado por ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE). Consulta con su médico de cabecera por palpitaciones precordiales de aparición súbita. En el electrocardiograma se evidencia aleteo auricular atípico. La paciente es internada para la realización de una cardioversión eléctrica. Durante la realización de un ETE, se encuentran hallazgos compatibles con cor triatriatum: cortocircuito a través de una CIA de izquierda a derecha; insuficiencia tricúspide severa, gradiente entre ventrículo y aurícula derechos de 65 mm Hg; presión sistólica pulmonar estimada en 85 mm Hg. Posterior a la resolución de la arritmia se realiza atriotomía derecha a través de la CIA, resecándose la membrana obstructiva, cerrándose luego la CIA con amplio parche de dacron. Actualmente, paciente con buena evolución, en seguimiento clínico cardiológico.

The cor triatriaum sinister is a very rare cause of pulmonary venous hypertension and congestive heart failure, with a reported incidence of 0.1% of children with congenital heart defects. The natural history of this defect depends on the size of the hole in the membrane. It is characterized by the presence of a fibromuscular membrane dividing the left atrium into two chambers, connected by one or several holes, with varying degrees of obstruction. The obstructive form part may be asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally by an echocardiogram. It is frequently associated with other congenital anomalies including a atrial septal defects (ASD). We report the case of a 43 year old hypertensive woman with a history of direct closure of ASD 8 months ago, confirmed diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). She consults her doctor for sudden onset of precordial palpitations. The electrocardiogram showed atypical atrial flutter. The patient was hospitalized for electrical cardioversion. During the execution of an TEE, we found consistent findings with cor triatriatum: shunt through an ASD from left to right; severe tricuspid regurgitation, gradient between right ventricle and atrium of 65 mm Hg; pulmonary systolic pressure rated at 85 mm Hg. After the resolution of the arrhythmia, we performed a right atriotomy through the ASD, resecting the obstructive membrane, ASD closes again with a large patch of dacron. Currently the patient presents a good outcome in cardiological clinical monitoring.

O cor triatriaum sinister é uma rara causa de hipertensão pulmonar venosa e da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, com uma incidência de 0,1% das crianças com cardiopatias congênitas. A história natural do defeito depende do tamanho do buraco na membrana. É caracterizada pela presença de uma membrana fibromuscular dividindo o átrio esquerdo em duas câmaras, ligadas por um ou vários buracos, com diferentes graus de obstrução. Fazem parte obstrutiva pode ser assintomática e ser diagnosticada incidentalmente por um ecocardiograma. É freqüentemente associada com outras anomalias congênitas, incluindo uma comunicação interatrial (CIA). Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 43 anos, portadora de hipertensão arterial e história de fechamento direto da CIA oito meses diagnóstico confirmado pelo ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE). Consulte o seu médico para o início súbito de palpitações precordiais. O eletrocardiograma mostrou flutter atrial atípico. A paciente foi internada para realizar cardioversão elétrica. Durante a execução de uma ETE, encontramos os resultados consistentes com cor triatriatum: derivação através de um CIA da esquerda para a direita; regurgitação tricúspide grave, gradiente entre o ventrículo direito e átrio de 65 mm Hg; pressão sistólica pulmonar avaliado em 85 mm Hg. Após a resolução da arritmia, foi realizada uma atriotomia direita através da CIA, a ressecção da membrana obstrutiva, seguida de fechamento da CIA com uma grande remendo de dacron. Atualmente, a paciente apresenta boa evolução na monitorização clínica cardiológica.

Brote de malaria inducida en sala de pediatría del Hospital José G. Hernández Trujillo, Venezuela 2006 / Induced malaria outbreak in pediatric wards of the José G. Hernández Hospital Trujillo, Venezuela 2006

Con el objetivo de establecer la naturaleza de la transmisión, se realizó una investigación operativa sobre un brote de malaria en menores hospitalizados en la Sala de Pediatría del Hospital José Gregorio Hernández de la ciudad de Trujillo, occidente de Venezuela, donde fueron hospitalizados 364 niños durante Enero-Marzo de 2006. Mediante microscopía se diagnosticó malaria a Plasmodium vivax. La dispersión geográfica de los casos, fuera de áreas receptivas y vulnerables, presentándose sólo en pacientes pediátricos con antecedentes de hospitalización, así como la ausencia de adultos enfermos y de vectores suficientes, permanentes y eficaces, alejaron la plausibilidad de la transmisión vectorial. Activado el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, se ubicó en su residencia a cada uno de los menores, diagnosticando dieciocho casos inducidos a P. vivax. La malaria inducida, como expresión de errores importantes en procedimientos de administración del tratamiento parenteral, podría estar exponiendo a la población a otros riesgos, tales como hepatitis o VIH, sin descartar que la malaria misma hubiera podido ocasionar la muerte de estos niños.

Abundancia y diversidad de la fauna anofelina en áreas vulnerables a la transmisión malárica del estado Trujillo, Venezuela / Abundance and discuty of the anophele fauna in vulnerable areas to malarical transmissión of the Trujillo state, Venezuela

Para evaluar la distribución geográfica de la fauna anofelina, en áreas consideradas susceptibles y vulnerables a la transmisión malárica en el Estado Trujillo se realizaron durante un año muestreos sistemáticos entre las 19:00 y 22:00 horas en diez localidades del estado. En tres de ellas , Buena Vista, El Cenizo y Agua Viva, los muestreos fueron cada 21 días, en otras seis localidades Jalisco, San Gonzalo, Los Pajones, El Prado, Madre Vieja y San José fueron trimestrales mientras que una, La Ceiba, se realizaron solamente dos evaluaciones. Los resultados señalan variaciones en la riqueza de especies en algunas localidades en comparación con data de 1976, sin embargo se mantiene la simpatricidad entre anopheles albimanus, A. darlingi y A. albimanus se mantiene la simpatricidad en las localidades de Jalisco, Los Pajones y San José. Las especies anofelinas reportadas en 1976 tienden a permanecer en las misma áreas, aunque se detectaron variaciones en la distribución de estas luego de 22 años (au)