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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(5): 645-651, mayo 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-553265

ABSTRACT

The health of many women is affected in the climacteric period, either by symp-toms that deteriorate their life quality (QL) or by chronic diseases that affect their life expectancy. Therefore, it is mandatory to evaluate these two aspects, having as core objectives for any eventual therapeutic intervention, the improvement of QL and the reduction of cardiovascular risk and fractures. To evaluate QL it is mandatory to follow structured interviews that weigh systematically climacteric symptoms such as the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). The paradigm of the metabolic syndrome constitutes a suitable frame to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Age, a low body weight, a history of fractures and steroid use are risk factors for fractures. A proper evaluation will allow the detection of patients with a low QL or a high risk for chronic disease, therefore identifying those women who require therapy. The clinical management should include recommendations to improve lifestyles, increase physical activity, avoidance of smoking and to follow a low calorie diet rich in vegetables and fruits. Hormonal therapy is the most effcient treatment to improve the QL and its risk is minimized when it is used in low doses or by the transdermal route. Tibolone is an alternative, especially useful in patients with mood disorders and sexual dysfunction. Vaginal estrogens are also a good option, when urogenital symptoms are the main complaint. Some antidepressants can be an effective therapy in patients with vasomotor symptoms who are not willing or cannot use estrogens. The effectiveness of any alternative therapy for menopausal symptoms has not been demonstrated. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance should be managed ac-cording to guidelines. Calcium and vitamin D have positive effects on bone density and certain tendency to reduce vertebral fractures. Bisphosphonates decrease the risk of vertebral fractures.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Climacteric/physiology , Quality of Life , Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced , Chile , Climacteric/drug effects , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/therapeutic use , Life Style , Risk Factors , Societies, Medical
2.
Rev. centroam. obstet. ginecol ; 14(3): 111-116, jul.-sept. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-733737

ABSTRACT

La mayoría de las mujeres ve afectada su salud en el período climatérico, ya sea por sintomatología que le deteriora su calidad de vida (CV) o por la aparición de enfermedades crónicas que le afectan sus expectativas de vida. Por lo tanto, es básico evaluar estos dos aspectos, teniendo como objetivos centrales de las eventuales intervenciones terapéuticas, mejorar la CV y reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y/o fracturas...


Subject(s)
Female , Climacteric/metabolism , Bone Density/physiology , Quality of Life
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 71(4): 239-245, 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-436609

ABSTRACT

Estudio retrospectivo de los primeros 149 casos de conización cervical mediante asa electroquirúrgica efectuados en el Hospital Regional de Copiapó, entre enero de 1994 y diciembre de 1999, con seguimiento por 5 años. Correspondieron a lesiones de alto grado 115 casos, 7 a NIE I, 3 a virus papiloma humano y 24 sin lesión. En todos los casos se realizó un primer cono exocervical, con un grosor promedio de 6,95 milímetros, a 138 pacientes se les realizó una segunda escisión endocervical superficial con grosor promedio de 5,67 milímetros, a 63 pacientes una tercera escisión endocervical profunda con grosor promedio de 5,78 milímetros, y a 9 pacientes una escisión adicional más profunda con un grosor promedio de 8 milímetros. En la primera escisión el 75 por ciento correspondió a lesión de alto grado, en la segunda escisión el 25 por ciento correspondió a lesión de alto grado, en la tercera escisión el 16 por ciento correspondió lesión de alto grado y en la cuarta escisión no hubo lesiones de alto grado. En aquellos casos con diagnóstico preoperatorio citocolposcópico de cáncer in situ con compromiso endocervical, encontramos en la escisión endocervical superficial un 44 por ciento de lesión de alto grado y para la escisión endocervical profunda un 23 por ciento de lesión alto grado. Para evitar recidivas en casos de lesiones de alto grado se recomienda la escisión endocervical profunda. Hubo un 4 por ciento de hallazgos positivos post cono.


A retrospective study was performed analyzing the first 149 patients who had conizations by loop excision at the Regional Hospital of Copiapo during 1994-1999, with a five year follow up. There where 115 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (H-SIL), 7 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (L-SIL), 3 HPV and 24 normal biopsies. All patients had an exocervical excision biopsy, with an average depth of 6.95mm, 138 patients had a second superficial endocervical biopsy with an average depth of 5.67mm, 63 patients had a third deeper endocervical sample averaging 5.78mm and 9 patients had an even deeper 8mm excision. The biopsy results obtained from the operative specimens where, for the first excision 75 percent H-SIL, for the second excision 25 percent H-SIL, for the third excision 16 percent H-SIL. No H-SIL where found on the fourth excision. When the cytocolposcopic diagnosis prior to the surgery was a CIS with endocervical involvement, the biopsy of the superficial endocervical excision determined a H-SIL in 44 percent of the cases, while deep endocervical excisions where a H-SIL in 23 percent of the cases. To avoid recurrence it could be recommendable to apply a deeper endocervical excision in patients with a diagnosis of H-SIL. During the follow up, positive findings occurred in 4 percent of the study group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Conization , Electrosurgery , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Chile , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 51(5): 466-77, 1986. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-45879

ABSTRACT

Se estudian 63 casos de rotura uterina (R.U.) ocurridos en el Hospital San Juan de Dios entre 1961 y 1985, analizándose una serie de parámetros. Resalta que este accidente sobrevino en un número significativo de primíparas. Uno de los factores predisponentes más importantes resultó ser el antecedente de cicatriz uterina, especialmente de operación cesárea, y la manifestación clínica más relevante, la hemorragia. Hubo una mortalidad materna de 12,7%, y perinatal de 24,0%. Se observó una tendencia al aumento de la incidencia de este accidente en los últimos años, al parecer en relación con la tendencia actual al incremento de la operación cesárea


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Uterine Rupture/epidemiology , Chile , Pregnancy, Ectopic/complications , Maternal Mortality , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/complications , Uterine Rupture/complications
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