ABSTRACT
Methods@#We conducted a retrospective analysis of 288 patients (246 for final analysis) who underwent MSTS between 2005–2015. Data collected were demographics and peri/postoperative clinical and radiological features. Early and late radiological AsCF were defined as presentation before and after 3 months, respectively. We analyzed patients with AsCF for risk factors and survival duration by performing competing risk regression analyses where AsCF was the event of interest, with SF and death as competing events. @*Results@#We observed AsCF in 41/246 patients (16.7%). The mean time to onset of AsCF after MSTS was 2 months (range, 1–9 months). Median survival of patients with AsCF was 20 and 41 months for early and late failures, respectively. Early AsCF accounted for 80.5% of cases, while late AsCF accounted for 19.5%. The commonest radiologically detectable AsCF mechanism was angular deformity (increase in kyphus) in 29 patients. Increasing age (p<0.02) and primary breast (13/41, 31.7%) (p<0.01) tumors were associated with higher AsCF rates. There was a non-significant trend towards AsCF in patients with a spinal instability neoplastic score ≥7, instrumentation across junctional regions, and construct lengths of 6–9 levels. None of the patients with AsCF underwent revision surgery. @*Conclusions@#AsCF after MSTS is a distinct entity. Most patients with early AsCF did not require intervention. Patients who survived and maintained ambulation for longer periods had late failure. Increasing age and tumors with a better prognosis have a higher likelihood of developing AsCF. AsCF is not necessarily an indication for aggressive/urgent intervention.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: The number of people participating in leisure sports activities and amateur competitions has been rising sharply. Free smartphone heart rate monitoring applications are readily available for use; however, information on their accuracy during exercise is still limited. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to validate a smartphone free heart rate monitoring application during treadmill exercise in healthy individuals. Methods: This was a prospective experimental study testing the free heart rate app 'INSTANT HEART RATE: AZUMIO.' Twenty-seven healthy participants were requested to perform the treadmill task with four different workloads: walking at 2.0 mph, walking at 3.5 mph, jogging at 4.5 mph and running at 6.0 mph. Participants had to perform the exercises for 3 minutes for each workload, and heart rates were recorded using the smartphone app and ECG at rest, during the exercise and recovery periods at each 60-second interval. Results: Heart rates measured using the free smartphone app at rest, walking at 2.0 mph, brisk walking at 3.5 mph, slow jogging at 4.5 mph and recovery stage were accurate with correlation coefficient value ≥0.95 and standard error of estimate <1 bpm. However, the correlation values during running at 6 mph were inconsistent with a standard error of estimate >5 bpm. Conclusion: The free smartphone app that we tested accurately estimates heart rate at rest, during low to moderate intensity exercise and the recovery period, but becomes less consistent during high-intensity exercise, making this app suitable for use during indoor activities of low to moderate intensity. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
RESUMO Objetivo: O número de pessoas que participam em atividades esportivas de lazer e competições amadoras aumentou acentuadamente nos últimos anos. Os aplicativos gratuitos para monitoramento da frequência cardíaca para smartphone estão disponíveis para uso; no entanto, as informações sobre sua precisão durante o exercício ainda são limitadas. Assim, nosso objetivo foi validar o aplicativo para monitoramento da frequência cardíaca para smartphone durante exercícios em esteira em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Estudo experimental prospectivo que testou um aplicativo gratuito para monitoramento da frequência cardíaca "INSTANT HEART RATE: AZUMIO". Vinte e sete participantes saudáveis foram solicitados a realizar a tarefa em esteira em quatro diferentes cargas de trabalho: caminhada a 3,0 km/h, caminhada rápida a 5,0 km/h, jogging a 7,0 km/h e corrida a 9,0km/h. Os participantes realizaram os exercícios por 3 minutos para cada carga de trabalho, e a frequência cardíaca foi registrada usando o aplicativo para smartphone e ECG em repouso, durante o período de exercício e recuperação a cada intervalo de 60 segundos. Resultados: A frequência cardíaca medida pelo aplicativo gratuito para smartphone em repouso, caminhada a 3,0 km/h, caminhada rápida a 5,0 km/h, jogging a 7,0 km/h e fase de recuperação foi precisa, com coeficiente de correlação ≥ 0,95 e erro padrão da estimativa < 1 bpm. No entanto, os valores de correlação durante a execução a 9,0 km/h foram incompatíveis e o erro padrão da estimativa foi > 5 bpm. Conclusão: O aplicativo gratuito para smartphone que testamos estima com precisão a frequência cardíaca em repouso, durante o exercício de baixa a moderada intensidade e o período de recuperação, mas torna-se menos preciso durante exercícios de alta intensidade, tornando este aplicativo adequado para uso em atividades internas de intensidade baixa a moderada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Diagnóstico - Investigação de teste diagnóstico.
RESUMEN Objetivo: El número de personas que participan en actividades deportivas recreativas y competiciones de aficionados ha aumentado notablemente en los últimos años. Las aplicaciones gratuitas para monitorización de la frecuencia cardíaca para smartphones están disponibles para uso; sin embargo, la información sobre su precisión durante el ejercicio todavía es limitada. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue validar la aplicación gratuita para monitorización de la frecuencia cardíaca para smartphones durante ejercicios en cinta rodante en personas sanas. Métodos: Estudio experimental prospectivo que probó una aplicación gratuita para monitorización de la frecuencia cardíaca "INSTANT HEART RATE: AZUMIO". Se solicitó a 27 participantes sanos que realizaran la tarea en cinta rodante en cuatro cargas de trabajo diferentes: caminata a 3,0 km/h, caminata rápida a 5,0 km/h, "jogging" a 7,0 km/h y carrera a 9,0 km/h. Los participantes realizaron los ejercicios durante 3 minutos para cada carga de trabajo, y las frecuencias cardíacas se registraron utilizando la aplicación para smartphone y ECG en reposo, durante el período de ejercicio y recuperación a cada intervalo de 60 segundos. Resultados: La frecuencia cardíaca medida con la aplicación gratuita para smartphone en reposo, caminata a 3,0 km/h, caminata rápida a 5,0 km/h, "jogging" a 7,0 km/h y fase de recuperación fue precisa con coeficiente de correlación ≥0,95 y el error estándar de estimación < 1 bpm. Sin embargo, los valores de correlación durante la ejecución a 9,0 km/h fueron inconsistentes con error estándar de estimación >5 bpm. Conclusión: La aplicación gratuita para smartphones que probamos calcula con precisión la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo, durante el ejercicio de baja a moderada intensidad y el período de recuperación, pero se vuelve menos preciso durante ejercicios de alta intensidad, haciendo que esta aplicación sea adecuada para utilización en actividades internas de intensidad baja a moderada. Nivel de evidencia II. Estudios de diagnóstico - Investigación de una prueba de diagnóstico.
ABSTRACT
Background: Stress is a word very difficult to define. No one is stress-free nowadays. Stress has an impact on mental and physical wellbeing. Everyone has an ideal level of stress, but it differs from person to person. A certain amount of stress is necessary to perform at the optimum. If the stress is perceived as negligible or as exceeding one’s capacity to cope, then distress results. Stress among students of medical field (medical, dental and nursing) has gained more focus in recent years. Aim of the study: To assess the magnitude of stress among First-Year Nursing students of RMMCH, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was collected using a proforma which included socio-demographic profile and PSS-14. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Study showed that 96% of students had stress. 94% of students had mild to moderate stress while 2% had severe stress. Conclusion: The prevalence of stress among Nursing students was high and there is a need for support services like stress management programs, relaxation techniques and so on. Support services may help to improve their ability to cope up with the demands of the course and also to have a stress free life.