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1.
Univ. psychol ; 14(2): 659-674, abr.-jun. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-775010

ABSTRACT

En la práctica de ejercicio físico, estudiar las motivaciones implicadas en que un sujeto desarrolle tal actividad, se ha convertido en uno de los temas fundamentales de la psicología del deporte y el ejercicio. Se pretendía conocer qué relaciones predictivas presentaban el compromiso a correr, la ansiedad competitiva y la percepción de éxito en las carreras en ruta sobre los motivos para realizarlas. Participaron 1.795 corredores de fondo en ruta (1.105 españoles, 690 mexicanos). De ellos el 85.65% fueron hombres con una edad de M = 38.98 (DT=10.45), y 14.35% mujeres, con una edad M=37.88 (DT=9.80). La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante las adaptaciones al castellano de las Motivations of Marathoners Scales-34 (MOMS-34), la Commitment to Running Scale-11 (CR-11), el Revised Competitive State Anxiety lnventory-2 (CSAI-2R) y el Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). Se ha obtenido que los mexicanos, frente al grupo de españoles, alcanzaron mayores puntuaciones en todas las subescalas de las MOMS-34, en la CR-11, en el POSQ y en las subescalas Autoconfianza del CSAI-2R, pero menor puntuación en ansiedad somática, no habiendo diferencias significativas en ansiedad cognitiva. Por último, los siete modelos predictivos basados en los análisis de regresión fueron muy similares cuando se compararon las dos nacionalidades agrupadas por el sexo del participante, obteniéndose unas varianzas explicativas muy altas. Pero se mostraron como modelos predicti-vos diferenciales cuando se compararon los hombres vs. las mujeres.


In physical exercise, studying the incentives involved when a subject is developing within their activity has become one of the key concerns of sport and exercise psychology. The aim was to establish the predictive effects of commitment to running, competitive anxiety and perception of success in route races upon the reasons for participating in them. 1.795 long-distance runners took part (1.105 Spanish, 690 Mexicans). Of these, 85.65% were men with an average age of M = 38.98 (DT=10.45), and 14.35% were women, with an average age of M=37.88 (DT=9.80). Data were collected via Spanish language adaptations of Motivations ofMarathonners Scales-34 (MOMS-34), the Commitment to Running Scale-11 (CR-11) the Revised Competitive State Anxiety lnventory-2 (CSAl-2R) and the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). The results showed that compared to the Spanish group, the Mexicans scored higher in all sub-scales of the MOMS-34, the CR-11, the POSQ and in the Self-confidence sub-scales of the CSAI-2R, but lower in Physical anxiety. There were no significant differences in terms of Cognitive anxiety. Finally, the seven predictive models based on regression analyses were very similar when the two nationalities were compared in groups according to the participantssex, producing some very high explanatory variance. But the predictive models were shown to be differential when men were compared with women.


Subject(s)
Anxiety , Trust , Ego
2.
Univ. psychol ; 10(1): 137-147, jan. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-599122

ABSTRACT

Se determinan las características sobre ansiedad física social y la autodescripciónfísica en 55 varones físicoculturistas usuarios de esteroides anabolizantesy 95 no usuarios, valorado el consumo a través del Índice de Masa CorporalLibre de Grasa. En la escala SPAS los consumidores dan unos valores superiores a los no consumidores en la puntuación total y en la Expectativa antela Evaluación Negativa, y muy ajustadas las diferencias en el Confort con laPresencia Física. En Autodescripción, valorada mediante el Cuestionario deAutodescripción Física (PSDQ), se muestra que los no usuarios puntúan porencima. Sin embargo, no se dan diferencias en las puntuaciones globales en Autodescripción de la Forma Física. Se observan las correlaciones inversas ysignificativas entre las dos escalas; con la dimensión Autodescripción Físicay con Autodescripción de la Forma Física.


The characteristics of physical and social anxiety and the physical self description in 55 male bodybuilders who use anabolic steroids and 95 non users are determined, the consumption is being valued through the Fat Free Body Mass. On the SPAS scale the consumers give higher values to the non consumers in the total score, and in the Expectation towards a Negative Assessment, and very slight differences in the Comfort with their Physical Presence. In self description, valued through the PSDQ, it is shown that non users get a higher score in self description. Nevertheless, there are no differences given in the global scores in self description of the physical form. Inverse and significant correlations are observed between the two scales; with the dimension Physical Self Description, and with Self Description of the Physical Form.


Subject(s)
Self Psychology , Steroids
3.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 11(1): 75-88, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635195

ABSTRACT

La imagen corporal en varones se muestra como elemento de interés y preocupación en los últimos años; siendo la dismorfia muscular la que centra buena parte de los esfuerzos. Se estudian aspectos diferenciales en imagen corporal, autodescripción física, ansiedad física social y algunos comportamientos relacionados en fisicoculturistas. Participan 71 (32,57%) fisico-culturistas competidores, 79 (36,24%) fisicoculturistas no competidores y 68 (31,19%) sedentarios, todos varones. Frente a los no competidores, son los competidores quienes reconocen en mayor medida compararse físicamente con compañeros del gimnasio (Chi²=9,993, p=0,002), quedarse mal tras dichas comparaciones (Chi²=21,571, p=0,000) y evitar mostrar el cuerpo fuera del entorno deportivo (Chi²=3,88, p=0,049); si bien, no se diferencian en el tiempo que pasan pensando que son poco musculosos o preocupados por su imagen (t=1,742, p=0,084). Junto a ello, este mismo grupo reconoce mayor número de comportamientos de comprobación -mirarse al espejo (t=2,644, p=0,01) y pesarse (t=2,321, p=0,022)-. En el BSQ, los tres grupos no se diferencian, salvo si son considerados los activos, de forma conjunta, frente a los sedentarios, quienes indican un mayor deseo de perder peso (t=2,241, p=0,026). Los dos grupos de activos individualmente se perciben mejor frente a los inactivos o sedentarios, tanto en Autodescripción Física (F=9,472, p=0,000), en sus dimensiones de salud (F=2,988 p=0,052), de físico global (F=17,806 p=0,000) y de autoestima (F=9,290, p=0,000), como en la Autodescripción de la Forma Física (F=39,791, p=0,000) en sus dimensiones de Condición Deportiva (F=16,889, p=0,000), Fuerza (F=50,507, p=0,000), Resistencia (F=17,576, p=0,000) y Actividad Física (F=119,405, p=0,000). Por otro lado, en las medidas de ansiedad física social son los dos grupos de activos quienes puntúan por encima de los sedentarios tanto en el valor global de la escala (F=15,353, p=0,000) como en las subescalas de confort con la presencia física (F=15,853, p=0,000) y de expectativas ante la evaluación negativa del físico (F=9,995, p=0,000).


The male body image has been a subject of interest and concern in recent years, with muscle dysmorphia attracting most attention. This is a study of differential aspects of body image, physical self-description, social and physical anxiety, and some behaviour aspects related to bodybuilders. Seventy-one (36.24%) competing bodybuilders, 79 (36.24%) non-competing bodybuilders and 68 (31.19%) sedentary participants take part. They are all men. As opposed to the non-competitors, it is the competitors who mostly admit to comparing themselves physically with other gym colleagues (Chi²=9.993, p=0.002), who rate themselves negatively after these comparisons (Chi²=21.571, p=0.000) and who avoid showing their bodies in non-sporting environment (Chi²=3.88, p=0.049); although they don’t differ in the time they spend thinking that they are not very muscular or concerned with their image (t=1,742, p=0,084). Additionally, this same group recognises a greater number of checking behaviours - looking at themselves in the mirror (t=2.644, p=0.01) and weighing themselves (t=2.321, p=0.022). In the Body Shape Questionnaire there are no differences between groups, except when the active ones are considered together as opposed to the sedentary ones, since this group showed a greater desire to lose weight (t=2.241, p=0.026). With respect to the two active groups, they see themselves better individually in comparison to the non-active and sedentary groups in Physical Self-description (F=9.472, p=0.000), health aspects (F=2.988 p=0.052), the body as a whole (F=17.806 p=0.000) and self-esteem (F=9.290, p=0.000), as well as in their Fitness Self-description (F=39.791, p=0.000), regarding aspects of fitness (F=16.889, p=0.000), strength (F=50.507, p=0.000), stamina (F=17.576, p=0.000) and physical activity (F=119.405, p=0.000). On the other hand, in terms of social physical anxiety levels, the two active groups scored higher than the sedentary group in the global value of the scale (F=15.353, p=0.000) and its two subdivisions, satisfaction with body appearance (F=15.853, p=0.000) and expectations of a negative evaluation of the body (F=9.995, p=0.000).


A imagem corporal dos varões é um elemento de interesse e preocupação durante os últimos anos. A dismorfia muscular centra grande parte da preocupação. São estudados aspectos diferenciais em imagem corporal, aut-descripção física, ansiedade físico-social e outros comportamentos relacionados com culturistas. Participam 71 (32,57%9 culturistas competidores, 79 (36,24%) não competidores e 68 (31,19%) sedentários. Todos são varões. Frente aos não competidores, os competidores reconhecem em grande medida compararem com parceiros do ginásio (Chi²=9,993, p=0,002), ficarem mal depois desta comparação (Chi²=21,571, p=0,000) e evitarem mostrar o corpo fora do entorno esportivo (Chi²=3,88, p=0,049), mesmo se não se diferenciam no tempo que passarem pensando o pouco musculosos que são ou preocupados pela sua imagem (t=1,742, p=0,084<9. além disso, este grupo reconhece maior número de comportamentos de comprovação: mirar-se ao espelho (t=2.644, p=0,01) e pesar-se (t=2,321, P=0,022. No BSQ, os três grupos não são diferenciados, exceto se são considerados os ativos, em conjunto, frente aos sedentários, que manifestam maior desejo de perder peso (t=2,241, p=0,026). Individualmente, os dois grupos de ativos se consideram melhor do que os inativos ou sedentários na auto-descrição física (F09,472, p=0,000), nas suas dimensões de saúde (F=2,988, p=0,052), no físico global (F17,806, p=0,000), auto-estima (F=9,290, p=0,000), auto-descrição da forma física (F=39,791, p=0,000), nas suas dimensões de condição deportiva (F=16,889, p=0,000), força (F=50,507), p=0,000), resistência (F=17,576, p=0,000) e atividade física (F=119,405, p=0,000). Além disso, nas medidas de ansiedade físico-social, os dois grupos de ativos pontuam acima dos sedentários no valor global da escala (F=15,353, p=0,000), nas sub escalas de conforto com o aspecto físico (F=15,853, p=0,000) e das expetativas frente à avaliação negativa do aspecto físico (F=9,995, p=0,000).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anxiety , Self Concept , Body Image , Exercise , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Univ. psychol ; 6(3): 549-557, sept.-dic. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572095

ABSTRACT

Se pretende aportar datos que nos faciliten realizar una aproximación a la adicción al entrenamiento en un grupo de fisicoculturistas competidores del que hasta ahora no existía información en España. Han participado 116 sujetos varones que cumplimentaron la Escala de Adicción General Ramón y Cajal. De ellos, 64 (55.17 por ciento) eran considerados como noveles en el entrenamiento de musculación y 52 sujetos (44.83 por ciento) eran competidores. Los fisicoculturistas competidores han mostrado, de forma significativa, mayores puntuaciones en todas las dimensiones de la escala de adicción general (ansia: t = 2.81, p = 0.006; abstinencia: t = 3.59, p = 0.000; carencia de control: t = 3.59, p = 0.000; total: t = 3.88, p = 0.000), salvo en la dimensión de tolerancia (t = 1.44, p = 0.153). De igual modo, en el análisis de las variables relacionadas con el entrenamiento, se ha podido constatar que aquellos sujetos que suelen quedarse a entrenar más tiempo del que tenían previsto, o que suelen sentirse mal los días que no entrenan, que han intentado bajar el nivel de entrenamiento y no lo han conseguido, o quienes suelen sentirse mal tras compararse físicamente con otros compañeros de gimnasio, tienden a mostrar valores superiores tanto en la puntuación total como en la mayoría de las dimensiones de la escala.


We plan to bring forward data which will enable us to carry out an approximation of the addiction to training in a group of bodybuilding competitors about which there has been no information up to now in Spain. 116 male subjects filled in the Ramón y Cajal General Addiction Scale. 64 (55.17) of these were considered new to muscular training and 52 (44.83) were competitors. The competitor bodybuilders have shown a significantly better punctuation in all the dimensions of the general addiction scale (craving: t = 2.81, p = 0.006; withdrawal: t = 3.59, p = 0.000; lack of control: t = 3.59, p = 0.000; total: t = 3.88, p = 0.000) except that of tolerance (t = 1.44, p = 0.153). In the same way, in the analysis of variables related to training we have been able to see that those who normally stay training longer than planned, or who usually feel bad the days they don’t train, have tried to lower the level of training, without success, or who usually look bad after comparing themselves physically to other gym mates, tend to show higher values both in the total punctuation and in the majority of the dimensions of the scale.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physical Conditioning, Human/psychology
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