ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#The aim of this study is to summarize various biomechanical aspects in evaluating the long-term stability of dental implants based on finite element method (FEM). @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#A comprehensive search was performed among published studies over the last 20 years in three databases; PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The studies are arranged in a comparative table based on their publication date. Also, the variety of modeling is shown in the form of graphs and tables. Various aspects of the studies conducted were discussed here. @*RESULTS@#By reviewing the titles and abstracts, 9 main categories were extracted and discussed as follows: implant materials, the focus of the study on bone or implant as well as the interface area, type of loading, element shape, parts of the model, boundary conditions, failure criteria, statistical analysis, and experimental tests performed to validate the results. It was found that most of the studied articles contain a model of the jaw bone (cortical and cancellous bone). The material properties were generally derived from the literature. Approximately 43% of the studies attempted to examine the implant and surrounding bone simultaneously. Almost 42% of the studies performed experimental tests to validate the modeling. @*CONCLUSION@#Based on the results of the studies reviewed, there is no "optimal" design guideline, but more reliable design of implant is possible. This review study can be a starting point for more detailed investigations of dental implant longevity.
ABSTRACT
Objective: MicroRNAs [miRNA] are a class of non-coding RNAs which play key roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Previous studies indicate that miRNAs are dysregulated in patients with multiple sclerosis [MS]. Th17 and regulatory T [Treg] cells are two subsets of CD4[+] T-cells which have critical functions in the onset and progression of MS. The current study seeks to distinguish fluctuations in expression of CD4[+] T-cell derived miR-223 during the relapsing-remitting [RR] phase of MS [RR-MS], as well as the expressions of Th17 and Treg cell markers
Materials and Methods: this experimental study used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR] to evaluate CD4[+] T cell derived miR-223 expression patterns in patients that experienced either of the RR-MS phases [n=40] compared to healthy controls [n=12], along with RNA markers for Th17 and Treg cells. We conducted flow cytometry analyses of forkhead box P3 [FOXP3] and RAR-related orphan receptor ?t [ROR?t] in CD4[+] T-cells. Putative and validated targets of miR-223 were investigated in the miRWalk and miRTarBase databases, respectively
Results: miR-223 significantly upregulated in CD4[+] T-cells during the relapsing phase of RR-MS compared to the remitting phase [P=0.000] and healthy individuals [P=0.036]. Expression of ROR?t, a master transcription factor of Th17, upregulated in the relapsing phase, whereas FOXP3 upregulated in the remitting phase. Additionally, potential targets of miR-223, STAT1, FORKHEAD BOX O [FOXO1] and FOXO3 were predicted by in silico studies
Conclusion: miR-223 may have a potential role in MS progression. Therefore, suppression of miR-223 can be proposed as an appropriate approach to control progression of the relapsing phase of MS
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Athletes try toimprove their performance by using different techniques. Using supplements is one of these methods. Creatine supplement is one of the most popular body building supplements and its usage has been increased dramatically in recent years. Unfortunately our knowledge of the effects of this supplement on body isn't enough. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of short-term use of Creatine supplement on urinary excretion of Creatine and Creatinine and anaerobic performance among bodybuilding athletes.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen male bodybuilders [23.8 +/- 3.4years old] were assigned in a double-blind clinical trial and were randomly divided into two groups, a Creatine treatment group or aplacebo group. Creatine and Creatinine concentrations inurine were determined for both groups before and after intervention and anaerobic performance was evaluated by the Wingateanaerobic test method.
Results: The results revealed an increase in of urinary Creatine and Creatinine concentration sin the Creatine recipient group. Also three measured indices of the Wingate test, including peak power, average power and fatigue index increased in the Creatine recipient group.
Conclusion: According to the increase in anaerobic performance indices among subjects, Creatine supplement can improve body builders performances. According to obtained increase in urinary Creatine and Creatinine concentrations, evaluation of probable side effects of long termuse of this supplement, especially on renal function is necessary.
ABSTRACT
Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of antioxidants supplement on clinical outcomes and antioxidant parameters in rheumatoid arthritis [RA]
Methods: The pre post study was conducted on 40 female patients with RA in 12 weeks that taken daily one "Selenplus" capsule contained 50 microg selenium, 8 mg zinc, 400 microg vitamin A, 125 mg vitamin C, and 40 mg vitamin E. About 5 mL venous blood sample was taken from all participants and disease activity score [DAS] was determined by DAS 28 formula and high sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]. Glutathione peroxidase [GPX] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] were measured by spectrophotometric kit and catalase [CAT] was measured by Abei method. Total antioxidant capacity [TAC] was determined by spectrophotometric kit. Distribution of the variables was assessed using histogram with normal curve as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and data were analyzed with paired t-test for differences between pre-post data using SPSS software version 13.5
Results: Out of 40 patients, 39 completed the study. DAS-28 score and hs-CRP have changed [P < 0.01 for both], while the number of swollen and painful joints did not reduce significantly. TAC, GPX, SOD, and CAT increased significantly [P < 0.01 for all variables]
Conclusions: Our findings showed that antioxidants may improve disease activity significantly, but it did not affect the number of painful and swollen joints and increased erythrocyte antioxidant levels. Antioxidants may be useful for controlling of clinical outcomes and oxidative stress in RA
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular [CVD] disease is the leading cause of death all over the world. Although, most CVD deaths occur from age 65 years and older, it should be noted that one third of deaths occur prematurely. Hypercholesterolemia, oxidized LDL and lipid per oxidation, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It appears that some food additives may decline cardiovascular risk by lowering serum lipids or increase antioxidant activity. This study was designed to determine "the effect of soy protein consumption on serum lipid profiles and lipid per oxidation [serum malondialdehyde levels] in young female adults". In the present trial, 73 university students were supplemented by 100 grams of soy nuts daily for 4 weeks. Weight, basal metabolic index "BMI", lipid profile and malondialdehyde concentrations, were measured at the baseline and the end of week 4. Soy protein had no significant effect on weight, BMI, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total/HDL-cholesterol ratio and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio whereas triglyceride, malondialdehyde concentrations were decreased significantly [P<0.05]. These findings indicate beneficial effects of soy protein on some of biochemical indexes of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, soy protein consumption is recommended to prevent cardiovascular diseases