ABSTRACT
Background: Tobacco consumption is a net increase in our areas. In Senegal, as in other African countries, sponsorship of cultural and sporting events in schools promote tobacco use among schoolchildren. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of tobacco in the French School of Jean Mermoz of Dakar by a survey completed by a measurement of carbon monoxide [CO] in expired air
Methods: seven hundred forty-one students [n = 402 girls and n = 339 boys], aged 11 to 18 years of French and African cultures, participated in the study. A questionnaire with several items of smoking has been distributed to them. Two weeks after the collection of questionnaires, the CO measuring for all students was conducted
Results: The prevalence of smoking in High School was 23.1% and smoking was found more in boys according to the questionnaire and piCO+TM with 13.7% and 7.1% respectively. It affected over the upper age class or equal to fifteen years. The most mentioned reason for the initiation of smoking [45.4% of smokers] was curiosity with a need to be free, followed by the influence of the environment famial [44.4%] and friendly [20.5%]. The measurement of carbon monoxide showed that 12.4% of our subjects had a smoking profile with 8% light smoking, 1% moderate smoking, and severe smoking was 3% of our students. A significant difference [p = 0.0021] between the two prevalences was found
Conclusion: The carbon monoxide intoxication by tobacco use is responsible for microcirculatory accidents such as tissue hypoxia, whereas smoking affects young students, in which the phenomenon is more precocious. Thus it is urgent to establish a policy of tobacco control in schools
ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio biométrico del acetábulo con el fin de aclarar el problema del aflojamiento mecánico en el postoperatorio alejado del reemplazo total de cadera; teniendo en cuenta que el acetábulo está anatómicamente diseñado para soportar y transmitir las cargas. En 150 acetábulos, se midieron (entre otros accidentes): su altura; su diámetro anteroposterior y su profundidad. Se comprobó que el acetábulo no es hemisférico sino ojival, con un predominio de la altura sobre el diámetro anteroposterior de 5,86 mm. promedio. Se observó que la distancia entre el vértice real del acetábulo y el vértice del triángulo isósceles, cuya base es la línea que une los dos cuernos de la cara semilunar, es de 24,3 mm promedio y que constituye la zona de elasticidad en el momento de la transmisión de las cargas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Acetabulum/anatomy & histology , Biometry , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Prosthesis Failure , TractionABSTRACT
En este trabajo se miden los consumos de glucosa mediante la glicolisis y la via de las pentosas. La prueba se verifica con o sin azul de metileno en unas muestras de sangre sacadas de dos poblaciones Aymaras residentes en dos alturas diferentes, 3600 m y 450 m. Este estudio permite notar un efecto Pasteur en las dos vias, lo que contribuye al aumento de las concentraciones en 2-3 DPG y ATP en altitud. Las medidas hechas en presencia del azul de metileno comprueban la disminucion de actividad de los sistemas methemoglobina reductasa accesorios en altitud, lo que puede contribuir en parte al aumento de la tasa de methemoglobina