Assessment of temperament in women with stress urinary incontinence: an observational study

This study aimed to explore whether the temperament of the body is related to and can cause stress uiinary incontinence [SUI] in reproductive-age women. Urinary incontinence [UI] is defined as involuntaiy loss of urine. SUIis defined as ''the complaint of involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing. "In Unani medicine, one of the causes that lead to UI is temperament [mizaj] of the body or organ

This study was a single-center, observational trial conducted at the outpatient department of the National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India, between March 2012 and November 2012. A total of60 women presenting with SUI for at least 6 months, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were recruited Their general temperament was assessed using aprestructuredproforma designed for assessing temperament that was based on 10 deteiminants [alamat ajnase ashra]

Of 60 patients, sanguine and phlegmatic temperament was found in 31 [52%] and 29 [48%] patients, respectively. None of the patients had choleric and melancholic temperament. Maximum number of women were in the age group of31-40 years [n =38, 63%] in which 55% [n = 17] and 72% [n =21] had sanguine and phlegmatic temperament, respectively. All patients had anterior vaginal wall prolapsed

It is concluded that SUI occurs in reproductive-age women with sanguine and phlegmatic temperament. Also, using objective parameters for temperament assessment and conducting randomized studies with a larger sample size are recommended

Clinical evaluation and investigations in women with stress urinary incontinence: an overview

Urinary incontinence [UI]is defined as the complaint of any in voluntary loss of urine. Ulcan be slightly bothersome or totally debilitating. For some women, the risk of public embarrassment prevents them from enjoying many activities with their family and fi'iends. Women are four times more likely to be affected by Uf compared with men. Stress urinary incontinence [SUI] is the most common type ofUIin women below age 60 and accounts for almost 50% of incontinence in all women. The minimum evaluation in women with symptoms of uncomplicated SUI includes history, urinalysis, physical examination, assessment of urethral mobility, demonstration of SUI, and measurement ofpostvoid residual urine volume. Additional diagnostic evaluation with multichannel urodynamic testing is helpful in women with complicated SUI, especially before surgical treatment. Clinical decision should help the health care providers to perfoim preoperative multichannel urodynamic testing or refer to an expert in umlogy who is skilled in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery

Cytopathological study of cervical smear: a hospital based retrospective study

The present study aimed to analyze the Pap smear for cytopathological evaluation in a hospital based community at National Institute of Unani Medicine [NIUM], Bangalore. A retrospective study was conducted at pathology laboratory, NIUM from June 2010 and June 2012. A total of 700 married women were included aged 18-70 years with abnormal vaginal discharge and who had come for cervical cancer screening. The Pap smears were obtained by using conventional technique and were evaluated using The Bethesda system 2001. The data was analyzed statistically. The overall Pap smears analysis showed 18.2%, 1.2%, 67.1% and 1.8% of normal, inadequate, inflammatory and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [LSIL] respectively. Of 67.1% of inflammatory smear, 8.2%, 35.7% and 23.1% were mild, moderate and severe inflammatory smear respectively. The inflammatory smears in Muslims and Hindus were found in 68% and 64% respectively. The low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was observed in 1.4% and 3% among Muslims and Non-Muslims respectively. The mean age was 34.69 +/- 9.15 years and most of the women were in reproductive age group. In this study, the epithelial cell abnormality [LSIL] was found to be low in Muslims than Non-Muslims in Cytopathological evaluation of cervical smear. Hence, this study proves that in Muslim community the prevalence of cervical dysplasia is less. It is also recommended that reporting should be done by using The Bethesda System, as it improves the reproducibility and plays a key role in diagnosis of various intraepithelial lesions at an early stage.

Clinical update and treatment of lactation insufficiency

Lactation is beneficial to mother's health as well as provides specific nourishments, growth, and development to the baby. Hence, it is a nature's precious gift for the infant; however, lactation insufficiency is one of the explanations mentioned most often by women throughout the early discontinuation of breast-feeding and/or for the introduction of supplementary bottles. Globally, lactation insufficiency is a public health feeding and/or for the introduction of supplementary bottles. Globally, lactation insufficiency is a public health concern, as the use of breast milk substitutes increases the risk of morbidity and mortality among infants in developing countries, and these supplements are the most common cause of malnutrition. The incidence has been estimated to range from 23% to 63% during the first 4 months after delivery. The present article provides a literary search in English language of incidence, etiopathogensis, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and current update on treatment of lactation insufficiency from different sources such as reference books, Medline, Pubmed, other Web sites, etc. Non-breast-fed infant are 14 times more likely to die due to diarrhea, 3 times more likely to die of respiratory infection, and twice as likely to die of other infections than an exclusively breast-fed child. Therefore, lactation insufficiency should be tackled in appropriate manner