ABSTRACT
Background: Propolis from apiculture is known for wide range of medicinal properties owing to its vastchemical constituents including polyphenols, flavonoids and anticancer agent Caffeic acid phenethylester (CAPE).Objectives: The objective of the study was to extract and standardize Indian propolis (IP) with respect toselected markers by newly developed High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, toevaluate in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity and biosafety of Indian propolis.Materials and methods: IP was extracted, optimized and standardized using a newly developed andvalidated HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of caffeic acid, apigenin, quercetin and CAPE. Thestandardised ethanolic extract of IP (EEIP) was screened for in vitro cytotoxicity using sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay, in vivo anti-carcinogenic effect against Dalton’s Lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells, hemolyticeffect and pesticide analysis.Results: The EEIP was found to contain more amount of total flavonoids (23.61 ± 0.0452 mg equivalent ofquercetin/g), total polyphenolics (34.82 ± 0.0785 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g) and all selected markersexcept caffeic acid compared to all other extracts. EEIP showed better anti-cancer potential than CAPE onMCF-7 and HT-29 cell line and significant (p < 0.01) in vivo anti-carcinogenic effects against DLA incomparison with 5-fluorouracil. EEIP was found to be non-hemolytic.Conclusion: From in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo anti-carcinogenicity and biosafety studies it can be concludedthat the standardized EEIP is safe and can be considered for further development as a biomedicine.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
ABSTRACT
Objective: Barleria lupulina Lindl (Acanthaceae) (B. lupulina) has been traditionally used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but, no scientific data has been published supporting the claimed ethnomedical use. This study was designed to investigate the anti-arthritic potential of B. lupulina leaves and its role in immunomodulation. Methods: Methanol extract of B. lupulina (MEBL) leaves (300 and 600 mg/kg BW) was tested for its antiarthritic activity by various models namely, formalin-induced arthritis, adjuvant induced arthritis, collagen type II-induced arthritis and monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis. Immunomodulatory activity of the same was tested by measuring WBC Count, Spleen Weight, Spleen WBC Count and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Reaction.Results:MEBL extracts 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/ kg showed statistically significant inhibition (P<0.05 and P<0.001) of the edema formation and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) during experimental period and activities of antioxidants were restored significantly. MEBL extracts 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg significantly increased the Hemoglobin (Hb) level, serum albumin, total protein, calcium and phosphorus levels and reverted back the levels of WBC count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Histopathological studies of ankle joints also supported this finding. Immunomodulatory study revealed an increase in the blood leukocytes count, weight of spleen, spleenic leukocytes count and increase in paw volume on delayed type hypersensitivity footpad thickness suggesting an uplift of immune status. Conclusions: The present study concluded that, MEBL holds antiarthritic and Immunomodulatory activity. Although subsequent study is required to evaluate the active constituents responsible for the activity.