ABSTRACT
Background: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant mothers and their neonates and to study the effect of vitamin D deficiency on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This prospective cohort study conducted in a teaching hospital included 223 pregnant mothers and their offspring born in 2017. Detailed history was taken to ascertain the causes of vitamin D deficiency. vitamin D3 and calcium levels were estimated in maternal and cord blood samples. To study the association between the vitamin D status and the various maternal and neonatal parameters.Results: 91.9 % of women were house wives involved in indoor activities. Pre-eclampsia and GDM were seen in 4.5% of cases each. 5.41% were obese and 84% were of medium complexion, and 8% were dark. 93.7% were non- vegetarians, and fish, egg and milk consumption was adequate in 61.3% , 64% and 71% respectively. Only 5.40% of women had adequate exposure to sunlight. The mean birth weight was 3.08± 0.36 Kg. and 14 babies were admitted to NICU for neonatal asphyxia.77.40% had deficient levels of vitamin D <20 ng/ml. Only four pregnant mothers (1.8%) had sufficient levels vitamin D. There was no statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and various maternal and neonatal parameters.Conclusions: This study has shown that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among south Indian pregnant mothers and their newborn is very high and the ways to improve the vitamin D status among pregnant mothers should be looked at.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Pregnancy induced hypertension is considered as the major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing as well as developed countries complicating 7 – 10% of all pregnancies. Since fundus changes are very good gauge for severity of hypertension for differentiating chronic hypertension in pregnancy induced hypertension, the current study was conducted to assess the visual impairment in relation to the fundus changes in antenatal women with pregnancy induced hypertension. Materials and methods: 56 Pregnant females admitted with pregnancy induced hypertension in Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute were evaluated thoroughly for eye signs and fundus examination with direct and indirect ophthalmoscope. Results: The most common fundus changes observed were grade 1 and grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy with grade 3 and grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy the least found. Conclusion: The current study concludes that retinal changes leads to poor visual and systemic prognosis and a premature delivery of fetus gives a better prognosis.