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1.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 39(2): 98-105, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904574

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Agonistic behaviors help to ensure survival, provide advantage in competition, and communicate social status. The resident-intruder paradigm, an animal model based on male intraspecific confrontations, can be an ethologically relevant tool to investigate the neurobiology of aggressive behavior. Objectives: To examine behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behavior in male Swiss mice exposed to repeated confrontations in the resident intruder paradigm. Methods: Behavioral analysis was performed in association with measurements of plasma corticosterone of mice repeatedly exposed to a potential rival nearby, but inaccessible (social instigation), or to 10 sessions of social instigation followed by direct aggressive encounters. Moreover, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were measured in the brain of these animals. Control mice were exposed to neither social instigation nor aggressive confrontations. Results: Mice exposed to aggressive confrontations exhibited a similar pattern of species-typical aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors on the first and the last session. Moreover, in contrast to social instigation only, repeated aggressive confrontations promoted an increase in plasma corticosterone. After 10 aggressive confrontation sessions, mice presented a non-significant trend toward reducing hippocampal levels of CRF, which inversely correlated with plasma corticosterone levels. Conversely, repeated sessions of social instigation or aggressive confrontation did not alter BDNF concentrations at the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion: Exposure to repeated episodes of aggressive encounters did not promote habituation over time. Additionally, CRF seems to be involved in physiological responses to social stressors.


Resumo Introdução: Comportamentos agonísticos ajudam a garantir a sobrevivência, oferecem vantagem na competição e comunicam status social. O paradigma residente-intruso, modelo animal baseado em confrontos intraespecíficos entre machos, pode ser uma ferramenta etológica relevante para investigar a neurobiologia do comportamento agressivo. Objetivos: Analisar os mecanismos comportamentais e neurobiológicos do comportamento agressivo em camundongos Swiss machos expostos a confrontos repetidos no paradigma residente-intruso. Métodos: A análise comportamental foi realizada em associação com medidas de corticosterona plasmática em camundongos expostos repetidamente a um rival em potencial próximo, porém inacessível (instigação social), ou a 10 sessões de instigação social seguidas de encontros agressivos diretos. Além disso, o fator de liberação de corticotrofina (CRF) e o fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BNDF) foram medidos no encéfalo desses animais. Camundongos controles não foram expostos à instigação social ou confrontos agressivos. Resultados: Os camundongos expostos a confrontos agressivos exibiram um padrão semelhante de comportamentos agressivos e não agressivos típicos da espécie na primeira e na última sessão. Em contraste com instigação social apenas, confrontos agressivos repetidos promoveram aumento na corticosterona plasmática. Após 10 sessões de confrontos agressivos, os camundongos apresentaram uma tendência não significativa de redução dos níveis de CRF no hipocampo, que se correlacionaram inversamente com os níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona. Por outro lado, sessões repetidas de instigação social ou confronto agressivo não alteraram as concentrações de BDNF no córtex pré-frontal e hipocampo. Conclusão: A exposição a episódios repetidos de encontros agressivos não promoveu habituação ao longo do tempo. Adicionalmente, o CRF parece estar envolvido nas respostas fisiológicas aos estressores sociais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Corticosterone/blood , Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Aggression/physiology , Limbic System/metabolism , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Analysis of Variance , Habituation, Psychophysiologic/physiology , Housing, Animal , Mice
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 59(3): 276-279, maio-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679501

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum magnesium levels with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use and other factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 151 patients admitted with acute diseases in the Internal Medicine Division of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, after the exclusion of conditions that are commonly associated with hypomagnesemia: diarrhea; vomiting; chronic alcohol use; severely uncompensated diabetes mellitus; and chronic use of laxatives, diuretics or other drugs causing magnesium deficiency. RESULTS: All patients had normal serum magnesium levels. Serum albumin and creatinine levels were positively associated with serum magnesium levels, after adjusting for confounders. There was no difference between mean serum magnesium levels of PPI users and non-users, nor between men and women; there was also no correlation among age, serum phosphorus, and potassium levels with serum magnesium levels. Limitations of this study include the absence of an instrument for measuring adherence to PPI use and the sample size. CONCLUSION: The association of PPI use and hypomagnesemia is uncommon. Congenital defects in the metabolism of magnesium may be responsible for hypomagnesemia in some patients using this drug class.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a associação do nível sérico do magnésio com o uso de inibidores de bomba de prótons (IBP) e outros fatores. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal com 151 pacientes admitidos com doenças agudas no serviço de medicina interna do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Foram excluídos aqueles pacientes com condições usualmente relacionadas à hipomagnesemia: diarréia; vômitos; diabéticos agudamente descompensados; uso crônico de laxantes, álcool, diuréticos ou outros fármacos relacionados. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes apresentaram níveis normais de magnésio. Albumina e creatinina sérica se associaram positivamente com os níveis de magnésio sérico, após ajuste para fatores confundidores. Não houve diferença no nível sérico de magnésio em usuários ou não-usuários de IBP ou entre homens e mulheres. Não houve correlação com idade, nível sérico de fósforo e potássio. As principais limitações desse estudo foram a ausência de instrumento para medir a adesão aos IBPs e o tamanho da amostra. CONCLUSÃO: A associação do uso de IBP e hipomagnesemia é rara. Defeitos congênitos no metabolismo do magnésio devem ser responsáveis pelo surgimento de hipomagnesemia em usuários de dessa classe de fármacos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Magnesium Deficiency/chemically induced , Magnesium Deficiency/epidemiology , Magnesium/blood , Proton Pump Inhibitors/adverse effects , Creatinine/blood , Epidemiologic Methods , Magnesium Deficiency/blood , Magnesium Deficiency/diagnosis , Serum Albumin/analysis
3.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 15(4): 323-327, July-Aug. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595672

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most important causal agents of serious neonatal infections. Numerous assays have been evaluated for GBS screening in order to validate a fast and efficient method. The aim of this study was to compare the culture technique (established as the gold standard) with the molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers (atr gene). Two hundred and sixty-three samples were analyzed. Vaginal samples were collected, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations, from women over 35 weeks of pregnancy at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Two different extraction methods were tested in all samples collected. PCR technique yielded 71 (26.99 percent) positive results. Sensitivity and specificity for PCR were 100 percent and 86.88 percent, respectively. PCR demonstrated a shorter turnaround time than the culture. The molecular methodology proved to be a useful screening for GBS, allowing effective treatment to be initiated in shorter time to prevent newborn infection.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Culture Media , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus agalactiae/genetics , DNA Primers/analysis , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Rectum/microbiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Vagina/microbiology
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