ABSTRACT
Ultrasound elastography (USE) is a method to assess the mechanical properties of tissue, by applying stress and detecting tissue displacement using ultrasound.1 It is based on the principle that malignant tissues are harder than the nonmalignant tissues. While histopathology is a gold standard, USE is a noninvasive method for differentiating benign and malignant lesions in multiple organs. Ultrasonography is used widely as diagnostic means because it is cost-effective, easy to use, and provides information of high resolution. However, no single ultrasound criterion has sufficient diagnostic accuracy and has limited sensitivity or specificity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the uses of USE in the head and neck region.
Subject(s)
Elastic Modulus , Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods , Elasticity Imaging Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Elasticity Imaging Techniques/trends , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging , Review Literature as Topic , Salivary Glands/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Orofacial pain has been one of the most perplexing conditions afflicting mankind. In an attempt to overcome pain, various drugs have been tried with success and limitations. Antidepressants have appreciable analgesic effect for the treatment of chronic orofacial pain. A sound knowledge of its effectiveness and safety is mandatory for the oral physicians. This article reviews the therapeutic and adverse effects of antidepressants.
ABSTRACT
Cardiospermum halicacabum extracts have been evaluated for their antipyretic activity against yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The ethanol as well as n-hexane extracts (400 mg/kg) of the whole plant powder showed potent antipyretic activity. The water extract was devoid of significant activity. The antipyretic activity of the ethanol extract was concentration dependent.
Subject(s)
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/isolation & purification , Animals , Fever/drug therapy , Male , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
A total of 50 infants of less than 2000 gm birth weight were screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. The incidence of ROP was found in 19 patients (38%). Of these, 8 patients (16 eyes) had threshold disease. Significantly, occurrence of threshold ROP was seen in both 1600 gm birth weight in one infant and in the absence of oxygen administration in 2 infants. Ten of the 16 eyes underwent therapeutic intervention while 6 eyes did not receive treatment for lack of consent from the parents. The treatment consisted of indirect laser photocoagulation (8 eyes) and transconjunctival cryopexy (2 eyes). Good regression of the disease (favourable outcome) was noted in all the treated eyes.