ABSTRACT
Objectives: First objective was to compare eGFR by Updated Schwartz [US] and Simple Height Independent [SHID] formula with Original Schwartz [OS] in children with Severe Acute Malnutrition [SAM]. The second objective was to compare eGFR in children below and above two years
Methods: This analytic study on estimation of GFR was based on retrospective data collected from 78 children with SAM at Nutritional Rehabilitation Unit from October 2014 - March 2015. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated using serum creatinine [S. Cr] and height in Original Schwartz, US and by age in SHID equation and compared with OS as standard. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics
Results: There were 78 children in this study. Males were 39[50%]. Mean age of patients was 18+/-15.53 months with 62[79.48%] /=90ml calculated by US compared to OS [0.025] and by SHID with OS [0.04] in children below two years and no difference in children above two years. But there was no difference in other categories of eGFR calculated by either of formula in both age groups
Conclusion: We found a significant difference in eGFR in ranges above 90 ml/min/1.73 m[2] by US compared to OS as well as by SHID with OS in children below two years and no difference in children above two years. Also, there was no difference in GFR categories below 90 ml/min /1.73 m[2] calculated by either of formula in both age groups. So, we may conclude that either of formula can be used in clinical practice for eGFR in mild to severe renal dysfunction in severely malnourished children
ABSTRACT
Exposure to cardiovascular risk factors during childhood may be associated with the development of atherosclerosis later in life. To determine blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference in school going children of Karachi. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in schools of Karachi. Children from randomly selected public and private sector schools, aged between 8-14 years were included. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure of each child were recorded. All children with raised blood pressure were re-evaluated and their detailed history and physical examination was carried out. Of the total 500 children, 41[8.2%] were over weight, [23[9.2%] boys and 18 [7.2%] girls] and 33[6.6%] were obese [21 [8.4%] boys and 12[4.8%] girls]. Waist percentile > 90 was found in 65[26%] boys and 89[35.6%] girls and all obese [33] children had waist percentile >/= 90. Over all 21[4.2%] and 28[5.6%] children had raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure [>/= 95[th] percentile] respectively. With increasing status of body mass index, there was an increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Over weight and obese children had significantly [p<0.001] higher blood pressure values than children with healthy weight. In obese category, 3[9%] children were hypertensive [systolic and diastolic blood pressure >/= 95[th] percentile], 2[6.%, systolic] and 4[12.% diastolic] were pre-hypertensive [>=90<95] while over weight was marked by hypertension in 3[7.3%] and pre-hypertension in 5[12.2%]. Present findings are in accordance with the definition that 5% of children in any given population would be classified as having high blood pressure and an increase in body mass index and waist circumference was found associated with raised blood pressure. The study recommends a need for measuring blood pressure in children during health maintenance visits, to identify children at greatest risk of obesity in adolescent and suggest interventions before chronic overweight is established. Education department should introduce healthy life style behaviour in school curricula to improve the health of our younger generation