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Introduction: Oral cancer (OC) is associated with various risk factors and high mortality rates, and contributes significantly to the worldwide cancer burden. Objectives: To assess and evaluate patients’ current knowledge, awareness, and behavior regarding OC risk in a cancer trust hospital. Materials and Methods: The study involved 600 patients who attended cancer trust hospital, East Godavari district, from September 2021 to October 2021. A self- administered questionnaire of 20-questions was given to each patient that included socio-demographic and disease-specific information and their answers evaluated. Results: The data was examined using descriptive statistics, and the connection between the variables, education, family income, and other factors was assessed using a chi-square test (with a 5% significance threshold). The results were analysed with reference to their implications for interventions aimed at patient’s awareness for oral cancer symptoms. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, people lacked information and awareness about identified risk factors for oral cancer. Knowledge of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that eliminates the consumption of established oral cancer risk factors was low. At the community and individual levels, health education linked to primary prevention of oral cancer must be improved.
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Background: Renal ganglioneuroma is an extremely rare benign tumour that affects neural crest cells. Here we report a case of renal ganglioneuroma with nodal metastasis managed by surgical resection. Case report: A 38-year-old female presented with anorexia and early satiety. On examination, she had a palpable mass per abdomen. CT scan revealed a large heterogenous mass in retroperitoneum in right suprarenal region with enlarged retrocrural lymph nodes. She underwent right radical nephrectomy as the mass was inseparable from the right kidney. Postoperative period was uneventful. HPE revealed renal ganglioneuroma. Conclusion: Primary renal ganglioneuroma is difficrult to differentiate from other etroperitoneal lesions. Surgical resection is the most effective treatment.
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Aim: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of certain intracanal medicaments against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Freshly extracted 120 single rooted mandibular premolars were selected for the study. Teeth were decoronated and cleaning and shaping was done up to F3 universal protaper system and were divided mainly into two groups: Candida albicans (C. albicans) (n = 60) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (n = 60). The medicaments include: G1: chlorhexidine + calcium hydroxide, G2: sodium hypochlorite + calcium hydroxide, G3: 2% chlorhexidine gel, G4: octenisept, G5: 0.1% octenisept solution + calcium hydroxide, and G6: physiologic saline (n = 5). Teeth were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans which were cultured, respectively, in brain heart infusion and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar for 21 days followed by intracanal medication and colony forming units were counted on the second and seventh day. Statistical analysis was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: Against C. albicans, CHX + CH, 2% CHX gel, 0.1% octenidine (OCT) gel and OCT + CH showed statistically significant differences on the 2 nd and 7 th day. But against Enterococcus faecalis, only 0.1% OCT gel and 2% CHX gel showed statistically significant differences on the 2 nd and 7 th day. Among all the groups, 0.1% OCT gel and 2% CHX gel showed predominant antimicrobial efficacy. Conclusion: From the limitations of the current study, all the medicaments showed antimicrobial effect against Candida albic
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Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common in young adults even in sunlight sufficient countries. It manifests with subtle and trivial symptoms that are often ignored. Nutritional deficiency due to improper dietary habits, poverty, long hours at work and study are factors. The lockdown during COVID has exacerbated the incidence. We had a patient with VDD who became symptomatic after routine thyroidectomy prompting our review into literature on the global health perspective of VDD. Material and method: - A 21-year-old nursing student developed hypocalcaemia within 24 hours after a routine thyroidectomy. VDD was detected and patient improved after supplementation. Literature was reviewed from Pubmed database for the medical aspects of the problem, from Government archives like the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, ICMR etc for cause and medical archives including those of paediatric and general health for the impact of disease at the state, national and global level. A global health problem list was prepared and data was reviewed. Discussion: Vitamin D is protective against respiratory infections due to viral aetiology including COVID. However, complete lockdown to prevent spread of COVID, online learning, and work from home culture has reduced sunlight exposure and increased incidence of VDD. Post thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia is common in VDD. Conclusion: Since there is a high prevalence of asymptomatic VDD even in sunshine sufficient countries, it is recommended to screen all patients especially young adults for VDD during routine preoperative work up.
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The rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of rice and can lead to complete failure of the crop under severe cases. The first step in breeding for blast resistance in rice is therefore to identify the novel sources of resistance and cataloguing different blast resistant genes in these genotypes. In the present study, a set of 37 rice genotypes comprising of landraces, advanced breeding lines and released varieties were first characterized for blast resistance under epiphytotic conditions and subsequently different blast resistant genes were catalogued with the help of markers tightly linked to these genes. A total of 22 different blast resistant genes were catalogued in these genotypes. Lot of diversity was found to be present for different genes in the rice genotypes studied. In addition, a set of 2–3 markers were identified which could distinguish genotypes of a particular geographic area from each other.The results are useful for identifying the right combination of genotypes in the resistance breeding programme
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Tuberculosis (TB) treatment not only cures the patient but also helps in prevention, as it stops transmission of infection by rendering the patient’s sputum non-infectious. Sputum conversion is an important milestone during treatment and is to be achieved as soon as possible. When there is non-conversion, patient sputum persists to be positive for tubercle bacilli and patient continues to be infective. There are multiple factors responsible for this persistence of sputum positivity which have explored by various studies. There are variations in the association of these predisposing factors with persistent sputum positivity. Objectives: The current study was conducted to know the prevalence and the sociodemographic factors responsible for persistent sputum positivity in Bagalkot Taluk TB unit. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 adult pulmonary TB (Category – I) patients of Bagalkot Taluk TB Unit were selected. A community-based survey with the pre-tested questionnaire was administered to collect relevant sociodemographic data regarding factors that influence persistent sputum positivity. Laboratory data were collected through concerned health facilities. Data were tabulated in MS-EXCEL 2013 and analyzed in Openepi version 3.01 and SPSS version 20. Results: Among 170 patients, pulmonary TB was seen more frequently among males (63.5%), middle-aged (31.7%), urban residents (55.3%), lower socioeconomic status (95.4%), and illiterates (28.8%). Prevalence of persistent sputum positivity was 10.59%. Among the persistent sputum positive patients, a higher prevalence was seen in males (66.67%) and lower socioeconomic class (88.33%). Age, literacy, and occupation were associated, whereas gender, place of residence, type of family, smoking, and alcoholism were not associated with persistent sputum positivity.
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Background: Alcohol consumption is a major public health problem worldwide. In 2012, about 3.3million deaths were attributed to alcohol consumption. DALY attributed to alcohol consumption is 139 million. Adolescence is the critical period when the first initiation of alcohol intake takes place. Sixteen percent of drinkers of age more than 15yrs engage in heavy episodic drinking. Due to change in lifestyle a considerable num-ber of social drinking have shifted to binge drinking. Objectives: To know the prevalence of binge drinking among health institution students in Bagalkot. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 380 health institution students. Five different cadre of health institutions were taken, one medical, one dental, one Ayurveda, one nursing and one Pharmacy College. A pre designed, semi structured questionnaires were used. The results were analysed by chi square test. Results: Among total 380 participants, 68% were girls and 32% were boys. Majority of the respondents were staying away from home (83%). More than one fifth (20.53%) of respondents had tasted alcohol at least once, of which more than one third (37.18%) were female. Prevalence of binge drinking was 3.16%. Among binge drinkers, 58.33% had at least one of their family members who consumed alcohol. Conclusion: Existence of risk behaviour like binge drinking among students were seen and it demands integrated approach. Increased awareness among parents and also the respondents is needed to prevent adolescent behaviours from becoming a risk to their health and community.
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Adolescent , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Binge Drinking/epidemiology , Binge Drinking/statistics & numerical data , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students, Medical , Students, Nursing , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background: Alcohol consumption is a major public health problem worldwide. In 2012, about 3.3million deaths were attributed to alcohol consumption. DALY attributed to alcohol consumption is 139 million. Ad-olescence is the critical period when the first initiation of alcohol intake takes place. Sixteen percent of drink-ers of age more than 15yrs engage in heavy episodic drinking. Due to change in lifestyle a considerable num-ber of social drinking have shifted to binge drinking. Objectives: To know the prevalence of binge drinking among health institution students in Bagalkot. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 380 health institution students. Five different cadre of health institutions were taken, one medical, one dental, one Ayurveda, one nursing and one Pharmacy College. A pre designed, semi structured ques-tionnaires were used. The results were analysed by chi square test. Results: Among total 380 participants, 68% were girls and 32% were boys. Majority of the respondents were staying away from home (83%). More than one fifth (20.53%) of respondents had tasted alcohol at least once, of which more than one third (37.18%) were female. Prevalence of binge drinking was 3.16%. Among binge drinkers, 58.33% had at least one of their family members who consumed alcohol. Conclusion: Existence of risk behaviour like binge drinking among students were seen and it demands integrated approach. Increased awareness among parents and also the respondents is needed to prevent adolescent behaviours from becoming a risk to their health and community.
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A simple and sensitive extractive visible spectrophotometric method for the assay of Ritonavir in pure and pharmaceutical Formulations based on the reaction between peptide group in RIT and Ninhydrin in the presence of ascorbic acid affords a blue violet coloured product (λ max 560nm). Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges (20-60) μg/ml. The percent recoveries are obtained as 99.64 ± 0.47 to 100.40 ± 0.45 by proposed method and 99.51 ± 0.25 to 99.92 ± 0.20 by reference method for the formulations respectively. The method can be applied successfully for the estimation of the Ritonavir in the presence of other ingredients that are usually present in formulations. The method offers the advantage of rapidity, simplicity and sensitivity and low cost without the need for expensive instrumentation and reagents.
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The study was done to compare the anti gingivitis and antiplaque efficacy of Herboral with CHX and Listerine and to assess the side effects of the mouthwashes, if any. It was a single-centre, double-blind, parallel group and oral hygiene controlled clinical trial. 60 participants were equally divided into 3 groups: Herboral, CHX, and Listerine. These groups were asked to rinse with their respective mouthwash 2 times daily for 15 days. Gingivitis was evaluated by using Loe and Silness index [1963], and plaque was evaluated by using the Turesky modification of the Quiely Hein index [1970]. The evaluation was carried out at the end of 15 days, 1 month, and 3 months. Intragroup comparison for plaque and gingival scores was done using [t] test. Intergroup comparison was done using ANOVA and Tukey test. At the end of 15 days, all three mouth rinses were effective in reducing the mean scores [gingivitis/ plaque]: Herboral [0.34/1.0], Chlorhexidine [0.22/1.18] and Listerine [0.86/1.67]. At the end of 30 and 90 days the plaque and gingival scores had increased in all the three groups, more in the Listerine group. The use of CHX showed brown staining, whereas Listerine gave a burning sensation. As an antiplaque and antigingivitis agent, the Herboral mouthwash is as effective as Chlorhexidine [CHX] and more effective than Listerine
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Gingivitis/drug therapy , Dental Plaque/drug effects , Dental Plaque/drug therapy , Chlorhexidine , Oral Hygiene , Oral Hygiene Index , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The osteosynthesis of the periprosthetic fractures following a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be technically difficult with the relatively small satisfactory outcomes and the high complication rates. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mid-term radiological and functional outcomes following the locked plating of the distal femur periprosthetic fractures after a TKA. METHODS: Records of 20 patients with a periprosthetic distal femur fracture following TKA treated by the locked plate osteosynthesis were retrospectively evaluated. The union rate, complications and functional outcome measures were analyzed. RESULTS: Successful union was achieved in 18 of the 19 patients available for the follow-up. The mean follow-up was 39 +/- 10 months. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the range of motion and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were evident in the follow-up. Secondary procedures were required in 5 patients to address the delay in union and the reduced knee range of motion. The osteosynthesis failed in 1 patient who underwent a revision TKA. CONCLUSIONS: The satisfactory union rates can be achieved with the locked plate osteosynthesis in the periprosthetic distal femur fractures after TKA. Prolonged rehabilitation coupled with the un-modifiable risk factors can decrease the activity and satisfaction levels, which can significantly alter the functional outcome.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects , Femoral Fractures/etiology , Fracture Fixation, Internal/adverse effects , Osteoporosis/epidemiology , Periprosthetic Fractures/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Range of Motion, Articular , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for an untreated acetabular fracture is technically challenging and the long-term result is not so favorable. A 45-year-old female patient with untreated column and comminuted posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum was treated in our institution by reconstruction of the posterior wall using iliac strut autograft and plate stabilization of the posterior column with cancellous grafting and cementless THA in a single stage. At 3 years?follow-up, the patient was independently mobile without limb length discrepancy. Radiological evaluation showed well integrated components and bone grafts. No evidence of aseptic loosening or osteolysis was found. This report aims to emphasize that bony acetabular reconstruction allows the use of primary hip components, which improves prosthesis longevity and preserves bone stock for a future revision.
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Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Acetabulum , Wounds and Injuries , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Methods , Autografts , Bone Transplantation , Fractures, Comminuted , General Surgery , Hip Fractures , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Background: Meropenem is empirically used as a last resort for the treatment of infections by non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined using agar or broth dilution methods is widely used for testing meropenem resistance. However, it is not possible in resource-poor settings. Aim: A prospective study was performed to evaluate the reliability of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion (KBDD) method for detecting meropenem resistance among NFGNB. Materials and Methods: A total of 146 NFGNB consisting of 56 Acinetobacter baumannii, 24 Acinetobacter lwoffii, 48 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18 Pseudomonas spp. were included in the study. All the isolates were tested simultaneously by both KBDD method and agar dilution method. Results: Very major errors were not observed with A. baumannii, A. lwoffii and P. aeruginosa, while other Pseudomonas spp. showed a very major error rate of about 5.6%. The major error rates observed with A. baumannii, A. lwoffii, P. aeruginosa and Pseudomonas spp. were 1.8%, 0%, 2.1% and 28.6%, respectively. All the isolates showed a good correlation between zone diameters (KBDD method) and MICs (agar dilution method). The sensitivity and specificity of KBDD method for detecting meropenem resistance was above 90% for all the NFGNB except Pseudomonas spp. Conclusions: The KBDD method can be reliably used for routine testing of meropenem resistance in A. baumannii, A. lwoffii and P. aeruginosa. However, further studies are needed before employing this technique for detecting meropenem resistance in Pseudomonas spp.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Diagnostic Errors/statistics & numerical data , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests/methods , Humans , Prospective Studies , Pseudomonas/drug effects , Thienamycins/pharmacology , beta-Lactam ResistanceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: In India, data regarding mortality and clinical characteristics of hospitalized HIV-infected patients are sparse, which may limit the effectiveness of new hospital-based HIV programmes providing antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of our study was to determine mortality and clinical characteristics of hospitalized HIV-infected individuals in a high HIV prevalence region of India. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was done of known HIV-infected adults admitted to the Medical Service of a large, public hospital in Pune, India, from January 2002 to November 2003. RESULTS: A total of 655 HIV-infected patients were identified; 489 (74.7%) were male and 4 (0.6%) were on ART. The most common illnesses reported were tuberculosis (55.8%), diarrhoea (4.2%), and alcoholic liver disease (3.7%) . The inpatient mortality was 172 (26.3%). The most common causes of death of the 172 people were tuberculosis (52.9%) and cryptococcal meningitis (7.6%). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased mortality were male sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.92, 95% CI: 1.08-3.41), haemoglobin level < 7 g/dl (AOR 2.75, 95% CI:1.23-6.14), length of stay < 2 days (OR 5.78, 95%, CI: 1.82-18.4), and cryptococcal meningitis (OR 4.44, 95% CI:1.19-16.6). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: In the era prior to widespread ART, a high inpatient mortality of 26 per cent was found among hospitalized HIV-infected individuals. Thus, while hospitalization is an important access and referral point for HIV care and treatment, earlier identification of HIV-infected persons must occur to ensure they will optimally benefit from the government's ART programme.
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Diarrhea/complications , Female , HIV Infections/complications , Hospitalization , Humans , India/epidemiology , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/complications , Male , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/complications , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Tuberculosis/complicationsABSTRACT
Foreign body aspiration is an extremely serious problem in childhood with varied clinical presentation demanding high degree of suspicion on the part of clinician. Surgical emphysema of the neck and chest often complicates tracheostomy and sharp penetrating injuries to the neck perforating viscera of the aerodigestive tract. Rarely if follows chest injuries. But emphysema due to the neck of foreign bodies in the bronchus is quite rare. The authors hereby report four cases of surgical emphysema following foreign body aspiration into the tracheobronchial tree.
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Bronchi , Bronchoscopy , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Foreign body ingestion is a common clinical problem, encountered in children. METHODS: A total number of 104 patients with ingested foreign body admitted in our hospital are reviewed. Endoscopic removal was done for all foreign objects impacted in esophagus. RESULT: In 84.6% cases, history of having swallowed the foreign body was most common symptom. Majority of patients (61.53%) presented within 24 hours after ingestion of foreign body. Coins were the most frequent offending agents in children (87.5%). Seventy six cases of coins were impacted in the postcricoid region. Complications of retropharyngeal abscess was seen in two cases (1.92%), which was associated with sharp foreign body. CONCLUSION: Early removal of these sharp foreign bodies must be considered to reduce the risk of this complication.