Dyslipidimia; to determine the various lipid profile pattern in patients of chronic renal failure

To determine the various lipid profile pattern of dyslipidimia in patients of chronic renal failure. Cross-sectional study. This study was conducted at Nephrology department of Isra University hospital Hyderabad and Medicine Department Civil hospital Nawabshah, from October 2013 to September 2014. This study consisted of 237 patients of chronic renal failure asses on detailed history regarding chronic renal failure, patients were subject to relevant investigations i.e. fasting lipid profile and venous blood was drawn after 14 hours fasting state in the early morning and sent to laboratory for analysis of fasting lipid profile. Inclusion Criteria were all patients of chronic renal failure with 1 years history, age > 35 to 60 years and either any sex. Diagnosed on the basis of serum creatinine as define in operational definition. Exclusion Criteria were patients on lipid lowering agents, acute complication of diabetes mellitus such as diabetic keto-acidosis, patients suffering from hypothyroidism, type 1 DM and HTN, lactic-acidosis, hypoglycemia. Results were prepared with help of tables and graphs. Data was analyzed through SPSS software. Out of 237 patients, 113[47.68%] patients were 51 to 60 years of age, 94 [39.66%] were 41 to 50 years of age and 30[12.66%] were 35 to 40 years as presented in Chart No 1. The average age of the patients was 50.11 +/- 6.94 years. There were 54.43% [129/237] male and 45.57% [108/237] female. Various lipid profile pattern of dyslipidimia in patients of chronic renal failure are presented in table-l. Results of fasting lipid profile are Triglycerides high in 86[36.3%], HDL low in 76[32.1%] cases, LDL in high 83[35%] cases, Cholesterol high in 105[44.3%] cases and VLDL-cholesterol high in 68[28.7%]. Stratification analysis showed that lipid profile pattern of dyslipidemia was insignificant between male and female as presented in table 2. While with respect to age groups, rate of Cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol was high in above 40 years of age groups as compare to 30 to 40 years of age groups. Rate of low HDL was also high in above 40 years of age groups as compare to 30 to 40 years as presented in table 3. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that dyslipidemia often our patients chronic renal failure. This underscores the need for the first test patients with lipid abnormalities early treatment can prevent cardiovascular events delay chronic kidney disease

Overt hypothyroidism; frequency of common presentations

To assess the frequency of common presentations of the overt hypothyroidism. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted at all OPD's of peoples' medical college hospital nawab shah, a tertiary care hospital, from 01-10-2012 to 31-03-2013. This study was conducted at all OPDs of Peoples' medical college hospital Nawabshah, a tertiary care hospital, from 01-10-2012 to 31-03-2013. Patients visiting outpatient department [OPD] meeting the inclusion criteria were involved in study. Inclusive criteria were diagnosed cases of overt hypothyroidism, age 18-60 years and both gender. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 years and more than 60 years and pregnant women. The collected data was entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] software, Version 17. Among 126 patients that had hypothyroidism, there were 46 males[36.5%] and 80 females[63.5%]. Mean age of patients was 37.60 +/- 7.54 years. Most of the patients presented with symptoms of cold intolerance [62.7%] dry skin [61.9%], pedal edema [57.1%], weight gain[56.3%] while rest presented with hair loss [20.6%], bradycardia [29.4%] and delayed tendon reflexes [27.8%]. Overt hypothyroidism was presented in only 21 [16.7%] patients. The frequency of Hypothyroidism vary in different areas, and is affected by Socio-demographic, nutritional status, illiteracy level and personal self-care

Snake bite; frequency of various clinical presentations of admitted patients and average time to reach hospital

To determine the frequency of various clinical presentations of snake bitten admitted patients. Study design: Descriptive case series study. This study was carried out in General Medicine ward, at Medical department of Peoples Medical University and Hospital Nawabshah, from September 2011 to March 2012. This study consisted of 55 patients admitted through the outpatient department, as well as from casualty department of Peoples Medical University and Hospital Nawabshah. Detailed History was taken from all the patients with special regard to type of snake, age, sex, site, time of bite, time lapsed between bite and reaching to hospital. Detailed clinical examination of local features were fang marks, swelling, bleeding from wound, pain and systemic features like nausea, vomiting, echymosis, drowsiness, discharge from wound, hematuria, ptosis, respiratory failure of envenomation. Systemic review was also done to see any co-morbidity. All patients underwent for base line and specific investigations especially clotting time [CT]. Inclusion criteria were that all diagnosed patients of snake bite, aged > 12 year of either sex admitted with the history of snake bite with irrespective of toxicity were included. Patients with history of thorn prick, insect bite were excluded criteria. Results were prepared with help of tables and graphs. Data was analyzed through SPSS software. Out of 55 patients included in this study, 39 were men [70.9%] and 16 patients were female [29%]; with male to female ratio of 2.4:1. There was wide variation of age ranging from a minimum of >12 year to 60 year. The mean age was 39 +/- 5.8 years. In our study mostly patients 35[63.63%] reached hospital within 60 minutes followed by 12[21.88%] patients within 30 minutes. 5[9%] patients reached within 90 minutes and one patients reported more than 120 minutes. Symptoms of patients were pain at the bite side in 55[100%], ecchymosis in 18[32.72%], discharge from wound in 9[16.36%], bleeding from gum in 8[4.4%] Nausea and vomiting in 7[12.72%], hematuria in 11[20%], ptosis in 8[14.54%], drowsiness in 5[9%] and respiratory failure in 5[9%]. We conclude that males are commonly affected than females and the farmers and labourers are the most vulnerable section of the population for snake bites. In this study age, presence signs and treatment by faith healers is independent predictors of death in case of snake bite. This may provide important evidence to formulate preventive strategies especially health education