Quantitative and histochemical study on the adrenal medulla in post natal period of albino rat

The present work was based on the evaluation of histological, histochemical, and quantitative study on the adrenal medulla of the white albino rat in the different post natal age period. Sixty male albino rats were used in this study. The rats were classified to 4 main groups as follows: - Group one: One week old albino rats. - Group two: One month old albino rats. - Group three: Three months old albino rats. - Group four: Senile rats. Three main parameters were performed in this study, the first was the study of the morphological changes in the adrenal medulla in the different postnatal age groups. The second was concerned with the histochemical studies while the last parameter was the quantitative studies on the gland volume as well as its cellular count. These three parameters were performed by using different staining techniques. The results showed that medullary cells in the early age groups were arranged in non-differentiated groups and become more differentiated in the older age groups. Both reticular and elastic fibers in the older age groups showed a definite increase especially at the region of corticomedullary zone. The different types of chromaffin cells were more observed at the old age groups. The concentration of ascorbic acid granules was more marked in the senile group. The quantitative changes were in the form of increased medullary volume especially in the old age. The number of chromaffin cells as well as the concentration of ascorbic acid contents was more noticed in the old age group. The differentiation of both divisions of the adrenal gland was not noticed in the early age groups. Cellular and fibrous differentiations were more seen in older age groups which may reflects an idea about the degree of gland maturation

Histological and histochemical study of testicular tissue used in cases of [ICSI] [intra cytoplasmic sperm injection]

The advances in the technology of in vitro fertilization [IVF] increases the incidence of success in treatment cases of infertile patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Evaluation of the microscopic changes in the obtained testicular samples was one of the main aims in this study for better prognosis of the results. In this study one hundred human testicular biopsies were obtained from Islamic reproductive centre and Department of Urology Al-Hussein University Hospital. Cases in this study were classified into 4 groups: Group I includes 5 cases of normal fertile persons free of any medical problems and with normal seminal parameters. Patients consent was performed before sampling. Group II includes 35 cases of infertile obstructive azoospermic patients. All of the rest of cases [60] were considered infertile non-obstructive azoospermic cases and were included in both the third and the fourth groups. Group III: includes 20 cases of infertile non-obstructive positive patients. Group IV: includes 40 cases of infertile non-obstructive negative patients. Cases were either of normal sized testis or of hypoplastic testis and were subdivided into the following subgroups: I- Cases with normal sized testes [30] infertile patients: Group IV A: Normal sized testis with arrested spermatogenesis; Group IV B: Normal sized testis with SCOS; Group IVC: Normal sized testis with mixed atrophy. II- Cases with hypoplastic testes [10] infertile patients: Group IV D: Hypoplastic testis. The testicular samples were prepared for Histological and Histochemical examination. Different staining techniques were used: 1- Haematoxylin and Eosin stain; 2- Mallory's trichrome stain; and 3- Histochemical techniques: a- Periodic acid Schiff [PAS] technique. B- Methyl green pyronin. The obtained results showed no Morphological changes in group II except mild vascular dilation and congested peritubular capillaries. Cases of non-obstructive positive azoospermia showed reduced number of spermatogenic layers while cases of group IVa showed reduced size of the tubules and lined only by Sertoli cells and there was marked reduction in the number of leydig cells. In this study there were definite histochemical changes observed in both the PAS positive material and the nucleic acid in the different elements of the obtained testicular samples, Clinical and microscopic evaluations in this study could be of complementary importance and may increases of the incidence of success

combined effect of ketamine and remifentanil infusions as total intravenous anesthesia for scoliosis surgery in children

This study was designed to assess the effect of combination of ketamine and remifentanil infusions as total intravenous anesthesia [TIVA] during scoliosis surgery in children. Thirty two children, 8-14 yr of age, scheduled for posterior spinal fusion, were randomly allocated into two equal groups to receive either remifentanil infusion in a dose of 0.2 micro g/kg/minutes or same dose of remifentanil infusion combined with ketamine infusion in a dose of 1 micro g/kg/minutes after induction of general anesthesia. During surgery, hemodynamics, surgical bleeding, and electrophysiology monitors were recorded. After completion of surgery, recovery score, recovery time and rescue analgesia were assessed in post-anesthesia care unit [PACU] for 24 hours. The two groups were similar for age, weight, duration of surgery, and time to extubation. Intraoperative heart rate and arterial blood pressure were significantly decreased in remifentanil group when compared to remifentanil-ketamine group. The surgical bleeding and electrophysiological monitoring were not significantly affected by remifentanil-ketamine combination in second group. Recovery score and recovery time were not significantly increased in remifentanil-ketamine group. First pain scores recordings in arrival to [PACU] were significantly less in remifentanil-ketamine group than remifentanil group and the time passed to first patient controlled analgesia [PCA] demand dose was increased in remifentanil-ketamine group. The first 24 h morphime consumption was 38 +/- 17 and 28 +/- 10 mg [mean +/- SD] in remifentanil and remifentanil-ketamine groups, respectively. These data demonstrate that during posterior spinal fusion surgery in children, the combination of ketamine and remifentanil infusions as TIVAmay provide hemodynamic stability, satisfactory surgical requirements with reliable electrophysiological monitoring and adequate post operative pain relief supplemented by PCA morphine

Effect of intrathecal midazolam on the anterior horn cells of adult albino rat's spinal cord experimental and microscopical study

Midazolam, is the only clinically available water soluble beuzodiazepine, has an analgesic action by its effect on the benzodiazepine GABA receptors complex. It can be used as an adjuvant to potentiate the effect of local anesthetics when injected intrathecally to relieve chronic medronical low back pain, but its safety is still in need for more evaluation. In the present study, 21 adult Albino rats were used and divided into 3 equal groups. The first group was considered a control, while animals in the second group were injected with a single intrathecal dose of midazolam. Animals of the third group were injected with three successive doses of the same drug. The spinal cord at the level of the cervical region was dissected, paraffin sections were prepared at 6 urn thickness and stained by H. and E. stain, toluidin blue stain, Nauta and Gygax stain and methyl green pyronin stain. The results showed no changes in either cell diameter or nuclear diameter after single dose of intrathecal injection of the Midazolam. Also, no changes in nucleic acid contents were detected. Repeated intrathecal injections led to a decrease in the diameters of both the cell and its nuclei as well as nuclei/cytoplasmic ratio [N/C ratio]. The nucleic acid contents were still also not affected

Propacetamol versus placebo for management of acute postoperative pain after elective tonsillectomy in children

The analgesic efficacy and safety of propacetamol, an injectabie prodrug of acetaminophen, was assessed versus placebo after elective tonsillectomy operation in children. Using a double-blind, randomized parallel group design, 70 children aged 6-12 years were included to evaluate the effect of a single iv infusion of 40 mg/kg propacetamol versus a single infusion of 100 ml normal saline [placebo] given at the recovery room. Analgesic efficacy was assessed on pain scores rated on a four-points verbal scale, a five-points visual scale [faces] and a four-points pain relief verbal scale; before administration [TO] and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after the infusion. The global efficacy was rated on a five-point scale at the end of the study. Rescue medication was allowed freely and the time for re-medication as well as the occurrence of any side effects was recorded. Propacetamol was statistically superior to placebo on all assessment criteria. The global final efficacy evaluation demonstrated 12 patients in the propacetamol group with good and very good scores compared to only one patient in the placebo group. Rescue medication was used in 40% of patients in the propacetamo! group versus 83% in the placebo group. No serious side effects were recorded in both groups and pain at the infusion arm was noticed in 4 patients with propacetamol and 2 patients in the placebo group [P> 0.05]. We concluded that, although propacetamol 40 mg/kg infusion may provide greater pain relief than placebo in children after tonsillectomy operation without any significant adverse effects, it is better to be used as a complementary drug to other analgesics in the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative pain

Histochemical studies on the role of pantothenic acid on radiation damage of the kidney

The present study was designed to evaluate effect of pantothenic acid to gamma irradiated rats. Female albino rats [120-150gm] were subjected to [5 Gy] whole body [137]Cs gamma irradiation. Fresh kidney specimens were obtained after 1 and 4 weeks of treatment. Frozen sections were prepared for histochemical study for localization of both acid, alkaline phosphatases and succinic dehydrogenase enzymes. The enzymatic activity was quantitatively evaluated and statistically analyzed. The obtained results showed significant decrease in both alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase enzymes activity while the acid phosphatase enzyme activity was significantly increased in comparison to the control group after one week, while after four weeks the activity of both acid and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased, while the enzymatic activity of succinic dehydrogenase decrease. Pantothenic acid treatment [22 mg/kg body weight / day for 6 days] after half hour of radiation showed marked improvement of the radiation induced changes in the activity of measured enzymes. Finally it could be concluded that pantothenic acid could be of value in improving the radiation injury on the kidney

Effect of intrathecal verapamil on the anterior horn cells of adult albino rat's spinal cord: Experimental and microscopical study

In the present study, 15 adult albino rats were used and divided into three equal groups. The first group was considered a control group, while animals in the second group were injected with a single intrathecal dose of verapamil. Animals of the third group were injected with three successive doses of the drug. The results have shown no changes in either cell character or nuclear diameter after single dose of intrathecal verapamil. Also, no changes in nucleic acid contents were detected. Repeated intrathecal injections led to a decrease in the diameters of both the cell and its nuclei as well as nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio [N/C ratio]. The nucleic acid contents were still also not affected