Frequency of benign and malignant diseases of the breast lump in females

To determine the relative frequency of Benign and Malignant pathology of breast lump in female patients. Experimental Study. This study was conducted at Margalla Teaching Hospital Rawalpindi and United Medical Center Rawalpindi for the period of 01 year stated form March 2008 to March 2009. In this study, 100 Female patients, presented with breast lump. History of the patients, clinical finding of breast lump and Axillary lymph nodes and the results of FNAC or excisional biopsy were recorded in the prepared Performa. out of 100 female patients, 88 [88%] patients were found with the benign breast disease in 12 patients we found malignancy. In benign breast diseases fibroadenoma was the most common found in 38 patients followed by the fibrocystic disease, found in 26 patients remaining benign breast diseases were breast abscess and duct ectasia. Among the malignancy, Ductal cell carcinoma and lobular carcinoma were found in 8 [8%] and 4[4%] patients respectively. High incidence of carcinoma of breast is noted after 30 years and it is increased subsequently therefore a surgeon managing the breast lump after 30 years should be very careful and suspicious regarding the malignant breast lump. Early diagnosis and management of the carcinoma of the breast has the key role in terms of increased survival rate of the patients

Mesh repair; outcome in inguinal hernia surgery

To determine the outcome of mesh repair in the patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. Margala Teaching Hospital Rawalpindi. June 2006 to June 2008. Quasi experimental. This study included the 50 male patients underwent open mesh repair. In the long term follow up, recurrence of the disease and wound infection were noted. Patients were consecutively selected. Recurrence of hernia was observed in one out of 50 patients. Rest of the patients were alright. The mesh repair has low recurrence rate, it is tension free and is easily learned

Management of stricture urethra

To determine the role of internal optical urethrotomy [IOU] alone arid IOU followed by clean intermittent self catheterization [CISC] in the management of the uretheral stricture disease and to investigate the effect of CISC or prevention of urethral stricture recurrence after IOU. The study was carried out in the Department of Urology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from January 1997 to December 1999. A total of 37 patients were included in the study. Most of strictures [5 1%] resulted from some sort of trauma while infections and indewelling urinary catheters were responsible for strictures in 21% patients and 13.5% respectively. Three patients had post prostatectomy strictures and in 2 patients etiology remained unknown. Patients commonly presented with symptoms and difficulty with micturition [94%], poor flow [75%] and split stream in 62%. Three patients [23%] in group-A developed recurrence of uretheral stricture within first year while stricture recurred in 12 patients [75%] in group-B. In 14 [37%] patients some complications occurred after IOU. In these patients bleeding was commonest complication [18%] followed by infection and urinary extravastion 5% and 16% respectively. Optical urethrotomy is a safe and effective means to manage urethral strictures, its success rate approaches 70% with simple strictures less than 2 cm in length in selected group of patients. It can be performed under spinal or general anaesthesia

Outcome of diabetic foot disease

To find outcome of the diabetic foot disease. This study included the 50 patients of both male and females with diabetic foot disease. These patients were divided into three categories according to the status of disease [based on Wagner classification of diabetic foot disease]. These patients underwent the debridement. Blood Sugar level was kept control. Initially antibiotic was advised and then readjusted according to culture and sensitivity report if required. 43 patients [86%] were managed by serial debridement while 7 patients [14%] ended up in amputation. Higher no. of amputation found in patients [Category III] who had deep ulcer on foot associated with osteomyelitis. Most of the complications of disease can be avoided by early recognition of infection, controlling the blood sugar level, proper use of antibiotics, prompt excision of dead necrotic tissue, care of vascular insufficiency and neuropathy along with the better foot care

Open pyeloplasty in adult patients with primary PUJ obstruction - experience at urology department, Nishtar hospital, Multan

To assess the clinical presentation of primary PUJ obstruction and outcome of pyeloplasty in adult patients. The study was carried out at the Department of Urology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from June 2006 to June 2007. A total of 25 adult patients were included in the study. All patients were evaluated in terms of clinical presentation, physical examination and investigations. Different techniques of open pyeloplasty were performed in these patients. Out of 25 patients, 16 were male and 9 were females [male to female ratio was 1.8: 1]. Age of patients ranged between 13 to 45 years. All patients underwent some form of open pyeloplasty. Thirteen patients [52%] had Culp Deweerd spiral flap pyeloplasty, 10 [40%] had Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty while 2 [8%] had Foley Y-V pyeloplasty. Minor complications like superficial wound infection [4 patients, UTI [4 patients] and minor anastomotic leakage [1 patients] was seen in early postoperative period. Twenty three [92%] patients had good symptomatic relief, improvement in overall GFR and drainage across PUJ on DTPA seen at 3 months, 6 months and one year follow up. PUJ obstruction is the most common congenital abnormality of ureter, less invasive procedures are available for treatment of PUJ obstruction, but the pyeloplasty is the most effective in relief of obstruction and can be performed safely