ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effect of
Study Design: Randomized control trial
Place and Duration of Study: BARMWT Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March to August 2015
Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 174 CABG and valvular heart disease patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures. After selection of sample via non-probability purposive sampling, they were randomly allocated into interventional group [n=87] and control group [n=87]. Treatment protocol for experimental group was
Results: The patients' mean age was 51.86 +/-13.76 years. Male to female ratio was 132:42. Statistically significant differences in respiratory rate and SpO[2] [p=0.000 and 0.000, respectively] were found between both groups. Among ABG's, PCO[2] and pH showed significant differences with p values of 0.039 and <0.001, respectively. No significant differences were observed between both groups regarding electrolytes [Na[+], K[+], Cl[-], p-values of 0.361, 0.575 and 0.120 respectively] and creatinine [p=0.783]. Marked improvement in oxygen saturation, dyspnea and a fall in systolic BP was seen in interventional group. There was also observed to be a reduction in the length of ICU stay among interventional group patients as frequency with percentage of total stay was compared to control group
Conclusion: Early physical activity [
ABSTRACT
About 70-80% of the world population relies on herbal products, especially in the developing countries. Herbal products are available in various dosage forms for different types of ailment. Contamination of medicinal plants with heavy metal is of great concern. Heavy metals are known to affect the normal physiological function when the level of heavy metals exceeds in plants or animals. It can cause various acute and chronic effects in living organisms. Silybum marianum commonly known as milk thistle is used for varieties of liver diseases. Concentration of Fe 375 mg/kg is found high in the blue capitulum's seeds and concentration of Cr 49.80 mg/kg is present high in the white capitulum's seeds from district Sawabi. Less concentration of Zn 32.00 mg/kg is determined in the blue capitulum's seeds from Karak, while high concentration 30.00 mg/kg of Mn is noted in blue capitulum's seeds from Charsadda. Copper concentration 27.15 mg/kg is recorded in blue capitulum's seeds from Charsadda. High concentration of Cd 1.00 mg/kg is present in white capitulum's seeds from Khyber agency, while concentration of Pb is not detected in white capitulum's seeds collected from Karak district
Subject(s)
Seeds , Metals, Heavy , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Alcoholic liver disease is a worldwide health problem. At least 80% of heavy drinkers have been reported to develop steatosis, 10-35% alcoholic hepatitis, and approximately 10% liver cirrhosis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of silymarin on the levels of serum ALT and GGT in ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. This study was an experimental Randomised Control Trial [RCT], and was conducted at the experimental research laboratory of University of Health Sciences, Lahore, from January 2007 to December 2007. Eighteen male albino rats of 6-8 weeks age, weighing 150-200 gm each were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group A served as control, Group B was given ethanol at a dose of 0.6 ml [0.5 gm]/100 gm/day and group C was given ethanol and silymarin at a dose of 0.5 gm/100 gm/day, and 20 mg/100 gm/day respectively for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, each animal was euthenised with chloroform. Blood was drawn from each animal by cardiac puncture for liver function tests [ALT and GGT]. After taking blood sample, each euthenised animal was sacrificed and then its liver was removed for gross and histological examination. The mean values of serum alanine-aminotransferase [ALT] in groups A, B and C were 28.16 +/- 7.13, 82.33 +/- 10.89 and 49.66 +/- 6.12 U/L respectively, whereas, the mean values of gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT] in groups A, B and C were 27.33 +/- 3.05, 79.33 +/- 4.37 and 45.66 +/- 1.85 U/L respectively. ANOVA showed significant [p<0.05] difference in mean value of these serum enzymes among groups. Post Hoc test, using the Tukey honestly significant difference [HSD] showed that there was significant [p<0.05] increase in mean value of ALT and GGT in group B as compared to group A and C. This test also showed that there was significant [p<0.05] decrease in mean value of these enzymes in-group C as compared to group B. Silymarin tends to normalise liver function test in alcoholic liver disease