ABSTRACT
Background: Globally diarrhoea remains the second leading cause of mortality among children of below five years age. Objective was to find out the prevalence of diarrhoea and child care practices associated with diarrhoea in under five children of tea garden workers of Jorhat district, Assam. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among the under five children of selected tea gardens of Jorhat district of Assam, India from July 2017 to June 2018. Results: Prevalence of diarrhoea among the study participants in last 2 weeks was found to be 26.4%. Out of 315 study participants, 24.1% belonged to the age group of 12-24 months, 55.2% were males. Exclusive breast feeding was recorded in 95.9% of the children. Prevalence of diarrhoea was less among exclusively breast fed children 25.5% as compared to not exclusively breastfed 46.1%. Health advice during diarrhea was sought by 97.8% of the respondents. Available records showed almost all of the children 99.3% got vaccinated with measles vaccine and contrary to this majority 64.4% study participants had not received Rota virus vaccination. Conclusions: Diarrhoea is still a significant public health problem among fewer than five children of tea garden workers with low Rota virus vaccine coverage. Our study findings recommends for the awareness building among the tea garden dwellers in regard to hand hygiene, timely initiation of complementary feeding, importance of vaccinating children with Rota virus vaccine as a part of containment programme.
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate PSA-PEG nanoparticles containing paclitaxel as a model drug by nanoprecipitation method. The influence of different experimental parameters on the particles size, entrapment efficiency, percent drug released etc was evaluated. SEM indicated that nanoparticles have discrete spherical structure without aggregation. The average particle size was found to be 123 -405 nm. The particle size of nanoparticles increases gradually with PSA-PEG polymer concentration. The drug content of nanoparticles also increases with increasing polymer concentration up to particular value. The in-vitro drug release behavior from all drug loaded batches was found to be zero order and provided sustained release over a period of 24 hours. Nanoparticles were stored at different temperatures and humidity as per ICH guidelines to check the stability.
ABSTRACT
The goal of delivery system is to get optimal therapeutic management. But, it still remains a challenge in the field of pharmaceuticals for delivery of ionic species and some non ionic. Several transdermal approaches have been used and recently there has been a great attention in using iontophoretic technique for the transdermal drug delivery of medications, both ionic and non ionic. This technique of facilitated movement of ions across a membrane under the influence of an externally applied electric potential difference is one of the most promising physical skin penetrations enhancing method. The payback of using iontophoretic technique includes improved systemic bioavailability ensuing from bypassing the first metabolism. Variables due to oral administration, such as pH, the presence of food or enzymes and transit times can all be eliminated. This article is an overview of the history of iontophoresis, mechanism, principles and factors influencing iontophoresis and its application for various dermatological conditions.