ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: For athletes, an excessive increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after multiple endurance exercises indicates muscle glycogen depletion that induces a diminution in performance. Our study aimed to examine the efficacy of chocolate milk (CM) compared with carbohydrate-protein replacement drink (CHOPRO) in suppressing the increase in BUN level following multiple rowing exercises among national male rowing athletes aged 18–23 years. Methods: Seven male athletes from the Rowing National Training Centre, Pengalengan, West Java, participated in this single-blind, randomised crossover study. They received CM or CHOPRO during four hours of recovery between two endurance exercises. Before (pre) and after (post) multiple exercises, a venous blood sample was collected to measure the increase in BUN level. The effects of each beverage on BUN level were compared using an independent t-test. Results: The increase in pre-post BUN level was significantly lower for CM trial compared to CHOPRO trial (164.0±61.3 mmol/L vs 293.5±88.3 mmol/L, p=0.012). Conclusion: It was observed that CM reduced rate of increase in BUN level following multiple rowing exercises. Thus, CM can be useful for athletes during intense training regimen with multiple exercise sessions. Future studies should investigate the effect of CM in various types of sports, using convenient, non-invasive, and real-time measurement.
ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Stunting has become one of the world’s most discussed health topics. Dietary diversity takes on an important role in increasing the nutrition fulfilment of young children aged 6–59 months for their optimal growth. This study aims to understand the association between dietary diversity and stunting in children aged 6–59 months old in Babakan Madang subdistrict, Bogor district of West Java, Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in May 2019 in Babakan Madang subdistrict. The subjects chosen for this study were 200 children aged 6–59 months, and they were selected using the probabilityproportional-to-size sampling technique. Individual dietary diversity was assessed by minimum dietary diversity with the consumption of four or more food groups out of the total seven groups. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Poor dietary diversity was significantly related with stunting (p=0.023; OR=2.182; 95% CI: 1.152–4.134). In addition, age <2 years was a significant protective factor against stunting (p=0.011; OR=0.445; 95% CI: 0.246– 0.806). Conclusion: The risk of stunting in children can be reduced by providing a variety of foods in their diets, which includes at least four food groups a day. There is a need to increase awareness among the population about appropriate nutrition through dietary education.