[ frequency of diabetes in pregnant women with pyelonephritis in Imam Khomeini hospital of Ahwaz [1370-1382]]

Concidering complications of pyelonephritis in the mother and fetus such as septic shock, anemia, low birth weight, etc., recognition of these risk factors may be helpful in early and effective treatment.The purpose of this study is to determine frequency of diabetes in pregnant women with pyelonephritis and compare it with diabetes prevalence in pregnant women without pyelonephritis. This survey was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 250 pregnant women whose final diagnosis based on ICD 10-CM codes was pyelonephritis and 250 pregnant women whose diagnosis was not pyelonephritis, in the Emam Khomeini hospital of Ahwaz and these findings was analyzed statistically. In 250 pregnant women with pyelonephritis, 27 cases and in 250 pregnant women without pyelonephritis, 18 cases had diabetes. Of these 27 cases [10.8%], 13 cases [5.6%] had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [GDM] and 13 cases [5.2%] had overt diabetes. In the control group, 13 cases [5.2%] had GDM and 5 cases [2%] had overt diabetes [p=0.86], [p=0.04]. The prevalence of Gestational diabetes in pregnant women with pyelonephritis compared to the frequency of Gestational diabetes in pregnant women without pyelonephritis had no significant difference [p=0.86] but, the prevalence of overt diabetes in case and control groups showed significant difference [p=0.04]

[Effect of chronic psychological stress on insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets in rat]

Despite documented studies, the exact role of stress in diabetes is still unclear. In the present study the effect of chronic psychological stress on insulin release from rat pancreatic islets has been investigated. Male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups of control and stressed [n=8/group]. The animals of the stressed group were exposed to restraint stressors [1 hour twice daily] for 15 and 30 consecutive days. At the beginning and end of the experimental periods the animals were weighed and blood samples were taken to determine the basal plasma levels of glucose, insulin and corticosterone. Following this, the pancreatic islets of 5/group of the above animals were isolated and the static release of insulin in the presence of different glucose concentrations [2.8, 5.6, 8.3, 16.7 mM] was assessed. The results showed that in the stressed group fasting plasma glucose levels on the 15[th] day were significantly increased compared to those of the control group. However there was no significant increase on the 30[th] day. Fasting plasma insulin showed a significant decrease on the 15[th] and 30[th] days of the experiment in the stressed group. Stressed rats showed significantly higher basal plasma corticosterone levels, only on the 15[th] day, as compared to the controls. Insulin secretion from islets of the stressed group, in response to increasing concentrations of glucose, showed significant increase on the 30[th] day of the experiment compared to the control group. The results suggest that chronic psychological stress could increase response of pancreatic beta cells to glucose and thus, low insulin levels of the stressed animals, in vivo, could be explained by reason[s] other than the reduction of insulin release capacity of pancreatic beta cells