ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the level of knowledge and awareness of hepatitis-B infection among students of a public sector university
Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study
Place and Duration: The study was conducted among students of Center for Physical Education Health and Sports Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro from 1[st] July to 31[st] December 2013
Methodology: Our tool of data collection was a self-administered questionnaire which assessed basic knowledge of hepatitis B, its modes of transmission, prevention, treatment, sequel and practices and attitudes towards patients with HBV infection. The questionnaire was distributed to the students in the class and they were asked to fill it according to their knowledge without guessing. Data gathered was analyzed by SPSS V. 18
Results: A total of 100 students with mean age 21 years [SD +/- 1.524] took part in this survey. Majority of our students have heard about hepatitis [95%] and a large number of them knew that blood transfusion and re use of syringes [78%] are the main sources of transmission. Interestingly, a reasonable number of students [32%] thought hepatitis B could spread through hug, cough and sneeze of a patient. About half of them were aware that a vaccine is available against HBV. Approximately 70% of the group believed that sterilized syringes and screened blood for HBV should be used to prevent these infections. The mean scores were 66.1%, 42% and 65.4% regarding basic knowledge, transmission and practices about hepatitis, respectively
Conclusion: Student's level of knowledge and awareness about hepatitis B was lacking. They had some misconceptions about disease transmission and treatment which has to be addressed
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate with endoscopy the common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients presenting with hematemesis within 24 hours of admission
Design: A cross sectional observational study
Setting: Medical unit III, LUMHS Jamshoro
Duration: Six months from 1[st] Jul, 2014 - 31[st] Dec, 2014
Methods: One hundred cases of hematemesis were included in the study. Patients who refused endoscopy and those on NSAIDs, anticoagulants and steroids were excluded from study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed within 24 hours of admission
Results: Out of 100 patients selected, 51 [51%] were males and 49 [49%] females. Majority of patients were between 30-60 years with mean age of 43.97 years +/-SD 7.8. Variceal bleed was the most common cause n=54 [54%] followed by peptic ulcer disease [PUD] n=20 [20%]. Esophagitis was noted in ten [10%] patients, gastric erosions in nine [9%], tumors of upper gastrointestinal tract in six [6%] and Mallory-Weiss tear was responsible in only one [1%] cases
Conclusion: Variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension is the most frequent cause of bleeding in upper gastrointestinal tract. Increased prevalence of hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] in this part of the world has resulted in increased incidence of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension highlighting the importance of prevention of HBV and HCV
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is more common among chronic hepatitis C patients$4Various risk factors that predisposes chronic hepatitis C patients' to develop Type 2 Diabetes, includes age, sex, BMI and positive family history of diabetes mellitus. The objective of present study is to determine the frequency of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis C virus infection and to compare the clinico-demographic features of hepatitis C cases with or without diabetes mellitus
METHODS: This cross sectional study was done in medical wards of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro from August 15, 2010 to February 15, 2011.Hundred consecutive patients of chronic hepatitis C virus infection were enrolled after getting informed consent. Baseline patient's data was collected with the help of a self-administered questionnaire which includes patient's history and physical examination. Patients were especially asked about family history of Diabetes mellitus and their body mass index [BMI] and blood pressure were recorded. Blood samples were drawn after twelve hours of fasting for fasting blood sugar and after two hours of taking meal for post prandial blood sugar. Liver function test, ultrasound abdomen and serological tests for hepatitis such as hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] and anti hepatitis C antibody [antiHCV] were done in every patient. Patients with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus and those having positive results for both HBsAg and anti HCV antibody simultaneously were not included in the study. The data was analyzed by SPSS [statistical package for social science] version 10.0. For statistical data analysis, Chi square test was applied. A p value of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant
RESULTS: Hundred patients of chronic hepatitis C were included in the study. Sixty were males [60%] and forty [40%] were females. The age range of patients was 35-74 years and the mean age was 47.25+/- 11.02 [SD]. Out of hundred patients, twenty seven [27%] had positive family history of diabetes mellitus and twenty eight [28%] had diabetes mellitus themselves. The BMI range of patients was 21-37 kg/m2 and the mean BMI was 26.03kg/m2 +/- 4.30 [SD]. Correlation of age [p = 0.001], BMI [p = 0.009] and family history of diabetes mellitus[p = 0.001] with the frequency of type 2 Diabetes mellitus in HCV +ve patients was statistically significant while comparison of gender with T2DM in HCV patient was not statistically significant [p = 0.413]
CONCLUSION: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is more common among patients with chronic hepatitis C than those without hepatitis C. Increasing age, positive family history of diabetes mellitus and raised BMI are the risk factors for its development
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To see the frequency of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients of medical wards at Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad
METHODOLOGY: In this Descriptive Cross-sectional Study we included 200 patients admitted in medical wards of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from 1st July to31 august 2013, Serum sodium level of these patients was sent and results were recorded on a preformed profarma. We included all patients admitted in ward through emergency or out patients department
Inclusion Criteria: In this study patients attending emergency and OPD were included in between age of 12 years to 80 years
Exclusion Criteria: In this study we excluded all patients with acute myocardial infarction ,angina ,and traumatic emergency
RESULTS: Among 200 patients, we found 44%[88] patients having hyponatremia with 36%[72] patients with mild to moderate hyponatremia and 8% [16] patients have moderate to severe hyponatremia
Males have increased frequency of hyponatremia then females. Study concludes that frequency of hyponatremia is more frequent with increasing age
CONCLUSION: Hyponatremia is common problem seen in admitted patients in male wards
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the outcome of 116 patients with suspected / confirmed diagnosis of Dengue fever at our tertiary care setup. Design: A descriptive study Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. Study was carried out between October and December 2006
Methods: This study was conducted on 116 patients who were admitted in Liaquat University Hospital. Case definition was high grade fever with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia
Results: Only 52 out of 116 patients were confirmed as having Dengue IgM antibodies. The highest sufferers of Dengue fever were young adults. Almost all cases developed mild to moderate thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Most patients recovered spontaneously in less than 10 days. Only 3 patients expired
Conclusion: Dengue fever is endemic in sub-Saharan region and in South Asia including Pakistan. Out-breaks occur from time to time. The current outbreak being the 3[rd] episode in the last 13 years points towards the importance of comprehensive research for the prevention and control of the disease. Although case fatality rates are low however it must be considered as public health problem and serious efforts shall be undertaken for public awareness and vector control