[Knowledge, attitude and practice of the mothers with anemia of children under five years old in the peadiatric department at Sylvanus Olympio teaching hospital in Lomé]

Background: Anemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality of children in Togo despite of prevention effort, due to the parents lack of implication

Aim :To determine the knowledges, attitudes and practices of mothers, with anemia of children under five years old

Methods: Knowledge Attitudes and Practice survey from the first of February to 31 of March 2012, about an interview of a hundred mothers with children under 5, randomly selected in the consultation, vaccination waiting rooms and in the hospitalisation

Results: Forty mothers had never heard about anemia. Health personnel was the main source of mother's information [29%], mass media represented 8% of mothers information source [radio 5%; television 3%]. The decreased of blood in the body is the most given definition from the mothers [44%]. Malaria [24%] and malnutrition [19%] were the main causes cited by mothers. Iron deficiency has been mentioned by 3% of the mothers. Palmar - plantar pallor [32%] was the clinical signe the best known by the mothers. Most of the mothers [90%] had never assist to an information education and communication message about anemia prevention. When their children had anemia, 25 mothers [65,8%] took their children to the health center, five mothers [13,2%] had given tomatoes. The use of iron in prophylactic treatment was known by 43% of the mothers. The blend tomatoes and milk was the prophylactic treatment mentioned by 3% of the mothers. Most of the mothers [77%] would advice a mother with a children suffering from anemia to take him to the hospital. The knowledge of anemia by the mothers was correlated to then level of instruction. But the knowledge of prevention did not depend on the instruction level

Conclusion: anemia is not well known by the mothers of under five children. It's causes, it's treatment are not well known. Mass media are not very implicated on the subject. The reduction of it's frequency goes by information education and communication activities

[Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Sayada high school pupils towards the smoking]

Background: tobacco Is the first cause of preventable death, the prevalence of it'sconsumption in adolescents varies between 10 and 30%. Initiation is the cause of psychological then physical dependence

Aim: study the prevalence of smoking among high school students, assess their knowledge on the subject of smoking addiction and attitudes and practice towards tobacco

Method: This is a descriptive study, transversal, using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire during 2013

Results: The response rate was 70 % [n = 505]. The average age was 16.7 years, girls accounted 40.4 % of the study population. The prevalence of smoking was 15.2%, it was 26 % for boys and 8% for girls. The nicotine dependence was present in 35% of smokers and 53.2% of them reported having previously attempted to quit at least once. More than half of respondents [58.8%] were unaware of the effect of nicotine, 43.3 % of students did not know the origins of addiction and 11.7% of smokers reported smoking in the school. All smokers, had not reported any obstacle to the purchase of cigarettes. The exhibition of smoke in public places was described by 66.5 % of students

Conclusion: The results of this study support the need to develop a complete program that integrates education for students but also for teachers which affects ample smoking behavior of students

[ breast clinical examination. An experience in general medicine]

A Tunisian woman from 27 will be affected by breast cancer between 0 and 74 years of her life. Evolution of this cancer is relatively short. Its mortality is 10% when not detected. The regular practice of clinical breast examination is one of the tools of awareness and adherence to screening women for breast cancer. To describe the results and the obstacles to the realization of the early diagnosis of the breast cancer for the clinical examination by the general practitioner. A forward-looking study realized over 9 months which concerned 105 women of more than 24 years old, consulting for the other motive, in a basic health center. The appropriate statistical tests had been used at the risk of 5 %. The rate of participation was 12 %. The age mean was 46.4 +/- 10 years old. An abnormal clinical examination, was identified at 36.2% of the women. The multi parity decreases the risk of developing a breast clinical abnormality, with OR= 0.14 [IC 95 % [0.035-0.580]] while histories favoring the breast cancer increase this risk with an OR=2.79; [IC 95 % [1.09-7.13]]. The general practice had asked for a radiological examination for 67.5 % of the women. His request was influenced by the result of the clinical examination [OR= 20.42 [IC 95 % [7.01-59.49]]]. Four cases of malignant tumors had been diagnosed. We recommend giving the general practitioners responsibilities for the women gynecological health and for the coordination between the different actors, via a weekly day of prevention

[Epidemiological and chronological profile of the parturientes in the extreme ages in the Monastir region between 1994 and 2003]

Pregnancy outside 19-34 years interval is risk factors of the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Tunisia, witch known an epidemiological transition, implanted the national program of perinatality since 1990 and one of its objectives is the surveillance of the high risk pregnancies. The aim of this study is to draw up the epidemiological profile of the parturient in extreme ages in the region of Monastir and to study the chronological tendencies of the associated factors during a decade [1994 -2003]. In all, the study interest 13225 extreme ages parturient, representing 22.5% of all women admitted for delivery in the public maternities of the district. The mean age was 18.6% +/- 0.6 years for the parturient less than 20 years and 37 +/- 2 years for the older than 35 years and more, among them 40% were older primipara. The prenatal care was inadequate for 35.4% of younger women and 47.6% of aged women. During the decade, we notice a significant decrease of the frequency of pregnancy for teenager parturient [from 3 in 1994 to 1.99% to 17.7% in 2003] [p<0.001]. Adequate prenatal care increased and the frequency of parturient without any follow-up decreased [from 17.2 to 2%] [p<0.001]. Given to this demographic and social transition, our healthcare system is called for greater vigilance and a more rigorous application of the recommendations of the national program of perinatality