Prevalence of CYP2D6 gene duplication in egyptian patients with neuropathic pain

The polymorphic cytochrome 2D6 [CYP2D6] causing ultrarapid metabolism due to presence of multiple copies of active CYP2D6 genes is common in middle east population. The CYP2D6 genotype of Egyptian population was examined using allele- specific polymerase chain reaction [PCR] amplification. Among thirty neuropathic pain patients studied, twenty patients [66.6%] were positive in the duplication assay. Alleles that cause diminished enzyme activity were frequently found like CYP2D6*17 [African gene] [23.3%,] and allele CYP2D6*4 [European gene] which showed a frequency of [16.6%] .None of the patients was homozygous for CYP2D6*4,. strongly suggesting that no poor metabolizer [PM] individuals in the studied population. This is in agreement with earlier phenotyping study among Egyptians. The patients studied showed a rapid and obvious response to oral tramadol [50 mg, tds.] .Results imply that gene deletion may not he the only modulatory factor responsible for the clinical outcome following tramadol therapy

Periodontal health status in Anbar population

Use of the community periodontal index of treatment needs [CPITN] provides a picture of the public health requirements in the periodontal field, which is essential for national oral health policy-making and specific interventions. The objective of this study is to determine periodontal status and treatment needs by CPITN index in the Fallujian's students. In a cross sectional study, a total of 1870 students were surveyed using the World Health Organization [WHO] Oral Health Assessment Form [1987]. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 13.0. Chi-square tests were carried out to assess differences in frequencies between groups. The percentage of subjects with healthy periodontal conditions decreased with increase in age, while bleeding appears to be associated with age, younger students having higher bleeding scores than older students. The proportion with calculus as worst score, also tend to increase with age. An increasing trend in both types of treatment [[oral hygiene instructions [OHI] and prophylaxis]] with age was observed. Also, the mean number of sextants [MNS] requiring prophylaxis increased from less than one sextant among seven-year-olds, to three sextants in the oldest group. This study recommends primary prevention programs in the form of health education and health promotion as the first step towards reducing the periodontal problems, and secondary prevention programs be introduced later depending on the availability of resources for oral health