Características basales, manejo de terapias antitrombóticas y pronóstico de pacientes chilenos con FA no valvular. Lecciones del Registro GARFIELD AF en Chile / Features, management and prognosis of Chilean patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation: GARFIELD AF registry

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with high rates of death, ischemic stroke and systemic embolism (SE). There is scarce information about clinical characteristics and use of anti-thrombotic therapies in Chilean patients with non-valvular AF. Aim: To describe the characteristics and 1-year outcomes of patients with recently diagnosed AF recruited in Chile into the prospective global GARFIELD-AF registry. Material and Methods: Between 2011-2016, we prospectively registered information of 971 patients recruited at 15 centers, 85% of them from the public system and 15% from the private sector. Demographics, clinical characteristics and use of antithrombotic therapies were recorded for all patients. Adverse clinical outcomes were analyzed in 711 patients with 1-year follow-up. Results: The mean age was 71.5 years (66-79), 50% were men. Mean CHAD2S2 Vasc and HAS BLED scores for stroke risk were 3.3 (2.0-4.0) and 1.5 (1.0-2.0) respectively. Oral anticoagulants were prescribed in 82% of patients. Seventy percent received Vitamin K antagonists, 10% novel direct anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy and only 8% did not receive any antithrombotic therapy. Mean time in optimal therapeutic range (an international normalized ratio of 2 to 3), was achieved in only 40.7% (23.0-54.8) of patients receiving Vitamin K antagonists. One year rates of death, stroke/systemic embolism and bleeding were 4.75 (3.36-6.71), 2.40 (1.47-3.92) and 1.64% (0.91-2.97) per 100 person-years. Ischemic stroke occurred in 1.8% and hemorrhagic stroke in 0.8% of patients at 1-year of follow up. Conclusions: Although the use of vitamin K antagonists at baseline was high, the mean time in optimal therapeutic range was low. Mortality and stroke rates are higher than those reported in other contemporary registries.

Endocarditis Infecciosa: caracterización clínica de la enfermedad: revisión de casos de los últimos 5 años / Infective endocarditis: clinical experience in the last five years

Antecedentes: La Endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad grave y su incidencia ha aumentado en el último tiempo. En Chile faltan estudios observaciona-les que representen adecuadamente nuestra realidad local y nacional. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, ecográficas y bacteriológicas de los pacientes con Endocarditis Infecciosa del Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso, entre los años 2012 y 2016. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de 35 pacientes con diagnóstico de Endocarditis infecciosa, recolectándose variables clínicas, imagenológicas y de laboratorio. Para describir los resultados se utilizó frecuencias, medianas y figuras. Resultados: Se observó un aumento de casos de Endocarditis infecciosa en los últimos dos años. Del total de pacientes con Endocarditis infecciosa, 28 casos (80%) eran de válvula nativa, siendo el compromiso más frecuente el de válvula aórtica. Se observó un aumento de las comorbilidades no cardíacas y de los casos provocados por el grupo Staphylococcus. Los síntomas más comunes fueron compromiso del estado general y fiebre, y las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron insuficiencia renal aguda, insuficiencia cardíaca aguda y fenómenos embólicos. Un total de 14 pacientes fallecieron producto de la infección, las complicaciones y cirugía. Conclusiones: Se realiza una caracterización actualizada de la enfermedad. Se necesitan más estudios con un mayor número de paciente para un mejor entendimiento de nuestra realidad.

Background: Infective endocarditis is a severe illness the incidence of which has increased over time. There are relatively few observational studies that adequately represent the characteristics of the disease in Chile. Aim: To describe clinical, echographic and bacteriological characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis at Carlos van Buren Hospital in Valparaíso, between 2012 and 2016. Methods: A descriptive analysis of 35 patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis was performed. Cinical, imaging findings and laboratory variables were collected. Relative frequencies, medians and figures were used to describe the results. Results: We observed an increase in cases of infective endocarditis in the last two years. Of all patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis, 80% had native valve involvement, more frequently at the aortic valve. There was an increase in non-cardiac comorbidities and Staphylococcus was identified as the main etiology. Weakness and fever were the most common symptoms, whereas more common complications were acute kidney and heart failure and embolic phenomena. A total of 14 patients died of infection, complications or after surgery surgery. Conclusions: An updated characterization of Infective endocarditis at a Chilean hospital is presen-ted. However, more studies are needed with a larger number of patients for a better characterization of the disease in our country.

Arteritis de Takayasu con pulmonares estenosis severa de ramas principales / Takayasu's arteritis with severe stenosis of main pulmonary artery branches

A 40-year-old woman consulted for progressive dyspnea. Physical examination revealed systolic murmurs in the upper thoracic area and asymmetric pulses in the upper extremities. Echocardiography revealed a 117-mmHg systolic gradient across the tricuspid valve and CT angiography revealed severe stenosis of pulmonary artery branches. A discussion of the disease is included.

Aneurisma del seno de valsalva: presentación de tres casos / Aneurysm of sinus of valsalva: report of 3 cases and review

Se presentan 3 casos de Aneurisma de Seno de Valsalva. Se describen las características clínicas y los métodos diagnósticos. Se discute el manejo clínico y, especialmente, la indicación quirúrgica.

Three cases of Aneurysm of Sinus of Valsalva are reported. The clinical character-istics and diagnostic methods are described, Clinical management, mainly the indication for surgery is discussed.

Evolución clínica y ecográfica posterior a terapia de resincronización cardíaca / Clinical and echocardiographi follow up after cardiac resynchronization

Antecedentes: La terapia de resincronización cardíaca (TRC) está adquiriendo importancia como tratamiento complementario en insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada. En Chile, el seguimiento clínico y ecográfico de este grupo de pacientes no ha sido suficientemente investigado y se desconoce la realidad nacional. Objetivos: Describir los cambios clínicos y eco-gráficos posterior a TRC en los pacientes del servicio de cardiología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso, sometidos al procedimiento entre los años 2013 y 2015. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de 10 pacientes con diagnóstico de miocardiopatía dilatada sometidos a TRC, recolectándose variables clínicas y ecográficas previo y al sexto mes post-procedimiento. Se utilizó frecuencias y medianas para describir los resultados. Se definió como respondedores aquellos pacientes que mejoraron su capacidad funcional luego de la intervención. Resultados: Del total de pacientes sometidos a TRC, hubo un 30% de no respondedores, en los cuales no se encontraron predictores de fracaso. En los respondedores se observó mejoría de la capacidad funcional y al menos una de las siguientes: aumento de la fracción de eyección, disminución del diámetro telediastólico del ventrículo izquierdo y reducción del grado de regurgitación mitral. No se observó reducción en el número de hospitalizaciones al año. Conclusiones: Se demuestra la utilidad de la TRC en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada en un grupo seleccionado de pacientes. Se necesitan estudios locales con mayor número de paciente para representar nuestra realidad nacional.

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is gaining relevance as an important therapy in patients with advanced heart failure. In Chile, the clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of these patients has not been sufficiently documented. Aim: To describe the clinical and echocardiographic changes after CRT in patients treated at the cardiology department of the Carlos Van Buren Hospital in Valparaiso, undergoing the procedure between 2013 and 2015. Methods: A descriptive analysis of 10 patients with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy submitted to CRT was performed. Clinical and echocardiographic data was collected before and sixth months after the procedure. Frequency and median were used to describe the results. Responders were defined as patients who improved their functional capacity after the intervention. Results: Of all patients undergoing CRT, there were 3 (30%) non-responder patients. In responders improvement in functional capacity and increased ejection fraction or decreased left ventricular diastolic diameter or reduction of mitral regurgitation was observed. No reduction was observed in the number of hospitalizations annually. Conclusion: The results support the usefulness of CRT in treating advanced heart failure in a selected group of patients. Further studies are needed to better define our national reality and predictors of a favorable response after the procedure.

Estenosis aórtica severa en paciente con síndrome de Alagille / Severe aortic stenosis in a patient with Alagille syndrome

Una mujer de 21 años portadora de Síndrome de Alagille debutó con disnea progresiva, palpitaciones y dolor torácico. Se excluyó la presencia de síndrome coronario agudo y de tromboembolismo pulmonar. Un test de marcha fue severamente limitado por disnea. La ecocardiografía doppler color mostró una válvula aórtica bicúspide severamente estenótica. Se efectuó un reemplazo valvular aórtico con prótesis mecánica con buena evolución.

A 21 year old woman with Alagille syndrome, pre-sented with progressive dyspnea, palpitations and chest pain. Acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism were ruled out. A walk test revealed significant dyspnea at a low level of exertion. Color Doppler echocardiography showed a severely stenotic bicuspid aortic valve with severe stenosis. An aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis was performed uneventfully.