ABSTRACT
To assess the awareness about the spread and control of tuberculosis as well as to investigate the gender and occupation wise differences among people regarding knowledge and attitude towards tuberculosis in the State of AJ and K. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in district Muzaffarabad and a sample of 4000 respondents was selected by using stratified random sampling technique. The stratification was done with respect to gender and occupation. The occupation wise classification includes households, labors, and shop keepers, government employers, under graduate students of social and natural sciences, medical students and doctors. A close ended structured questionnaire was developed to collect the data and data were analyzed by using SPSS [Statistical Package for Social Sciences]. Chi-Square test was used for association and Logistic Regression model was used to find out the most significant risk factors with gender. Majority of the males were more aware of tuberculosis than females regarding different aspects related to tuberculosis. The respondents from household, labors and shopkeepers have less awareness and knowledge than those who belong to other professions. The doctors and medical students have almost 100% awareness and knowledge of tuberculosis. It was examined that all the variables were associated with gender except threat, curable and transmissible. Only three variables mentioned above showed non- significant result, while all other variables were strongly associated with gender. Males were found more aware about TB than females. Moreover, the literate people were more conscious concerning the prevalence and threats of the disease
ABSTRACT
Coronary artery disease [CAD] is a leading cause of mortality in the developing countries. The aim of the study was to check the association of Myocardial infarction [MI] with several factors such as smoking and smoking exposure, blood pressure, sugar and cholesterol level, stress, anxiety and lifestyle. A cross sectional community based survey was conducted involving 469 patients having one or more risk factors or having complains regarding MI and already diagnosed MI, was taken using Multistage sampling technique from Sheikh Zaid Hospital and Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences. The Chi-square test was used to check the association of different risk factors with myocardial infarction. The multivariate Logistic regression model was also applied to find out the most significant risk factors of MI.The results revealed that MI was strongly associated with following risk factors family size [p=0.04], profession of respondent [p=0.026], smoking [p=0.028] and smoking exposure [p=0.043]. The finding also showed significant association of MI in study population with diastolic blood pressure [p=0.03], cholesterol [p=0.047], blood sugar [p=0.008], stress [p=0.036], anxiety [p=0.044] and lifestyle [p=0.015]. The study revealed that family size, family history, smoking and its smoking exposure, cholesterol, blood sugar, diastolic blood pressure, stress and anxiety are the major contributing risk factors of MI in the community, whereas age and gender elucidated minor contributions in the development of MI.