Comparative study of planned and unplanned excisions for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities

OBJECTIVE: Unplanned excision of soft tissue sarcomas is common because benign soft tissue lesions are very frequent. This study evaluated the impact of unplanned resections on overall survival, local recurrence and distant metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. METHODS: In total, 52 patients who were diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas between May 2001 and March 2011 were analyzed in a retrospective study. Of these patients, 29 (55.8%) had not undergone previous treatment and the remaining 23 (44.2%) patients had undergone prior resection of the tumor without oncological planning. All subsequent surgical procedures were performed at the same cancer referral center. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 122 months, with a mean of 39.89 months. Age, lesion size and depth, histological grade, surgical margins, overall survival, local and distant recurrence and adjuvant therapies were compared. RESULTS: Residual disease was observed in 91.3% of the re-resected specimens in the unplanned excision group, which exhibited greater numbers of superficial lesions, low histological grades and contaminated surgical margins compared with the re-resected specimens in the planned excision group. No differences were observed in local recurrence and 5-year overall survival between the groups, but distant metastases were significantly associated with planned excision after adjustment for the variables. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference between patients undergoing unplanned excision and planned excision regarding local recurrence and overall survival. The planned excision group had a higher risk of distant metastasis, whereas there was a high rate of residual cancer in the unplanned excision group. .

Estudo anatômico do nervo isquiático em cadáveres: determinação de parâmetros de segurança para a via de acesso póstero-lateral do quadril / Establishment of safety parameters for hip posterolateral access to cadavers' ischiatic nerve: an anatomical study

A preferência dos ortopedistas pela via de acesso póstero-lateral do quadril demanda maior atenção e refinamento da técnica cirúrgica, a fim de diminuir complicações intra e pós-operatórias, principalmente iatrogênicas. Embora o déficit neurológico pós artroplastia de quadril seja uma complicação incomum (cerca de 1 por cento), quase 80 por cento desses casos relacionam-se ao nervo isquiático ou a uma de suas divisões. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar parâmetros de segurança para a via de acesso póstero-lateral do quadril, visando diminuir a incidência de lesão iatrogênica dos nervos isquiático, tibial ou fibular, uma vez que tal assunto ainda não foi abordado pela literatura. Vinte quadris de cadáveres humanos foram estudados e a menor distância entre o limite lateral do n. isquiático e a inserção do m. piriforme foi 27 mm (aferida sob a margem distal desse músculo), bem como a mínima distância entre o limite lateral do n. isquiático e a inserção femoral do m. quadrado da coxa foi 20mm (aferida sobre a margem proximal desse músculo). A determinação desses parâmetros deixa o ortopedista mais seguro para avançar posterior e distalmente pela via de acesso póstero-lateral, mas não minimiza o cuidado com a dissecção e a importância do emprego de técnica cirúrgica apurada.

Orthopaedic doctors' preference for the posterolateral access of the hip demands further attention and improvement of the surgical technique in order to reduce per- and postoperative complications rates, especially the iatrogenic ones. Although neurological deficit post hip arthroplasty is an uncommon complication (about 1 percent of the cases), almost 80 percent of these cases are correlated to the ischiatic nerve or to one of its divisions. The objective of this study was to establish safety parameters for the posterolateral access of the hip, aiming to reduce the incidence rate of iatrogenic injuries of the ischiatic, tibial or fibular nerves, since this subject has not been addressed by literature so far. Twenty human cadavers' hips were studied and the shortest distance between the lateral end of the ischiatic nerve and the insertion of the quadratus muscle of the thigh was 2 mm (measured over this muscle's proximal edge). The establishment of such parameters provides orthopaedic surgeons with more confidence to go posterior and distally through the posterolateral access, but does not minimizes the level of care required to dissection and the importance of using a fine surgical technique.

Análise clínica e ultrassonográfica dos ombros de pacientes lesados medulares em programa de reabilitação / Shoulders of patients with spinal cord injuriessubmited to rehabilitation program - a clinical and ultrasound-based assessment

O aumento da incidência de traumas de alta energia esta relacionado com o crescimento da prevalência de lesões raquimedulares ocasionando seqüelas motoras nos membros. O programa de reabilitação proporciona perspectiva de melhora da qualidade de vida, colaborando para a reintegração social desses indivíduos. As síndromes dolorosas dos ombros são freqüentes nos pacientes lesados medulares, independentemente do programa de reabilitação adotado. No presente estudo, avaliou-se por meio da ultrassonografia, 32 ombros de 16 pacientes com lesão medular com localização anatômica entre C4 e T12, em reabilitação no DOT/HC-UNICAMP, constatando-se alterações nos tendões dos músculos do manguito rotador em 46,88 por cento e nas tuberosidades umerais em 12,50 por cento dos pacientes estudados. As alterações foram mais prevalentes entre os tetraplégicos. A execução de medidas analgésicas, fortalecimento dos músculos do manguito rotador quando possível e alterações posturais podem significar diminuição na ocorrência das síndromes dolorosas dos ombros, melhorando o aproveitamento do programa de reabilitação e com ganhos na qualidade de vida.

The increasing incidence of high energy traumas is associated to a growing prevalence of spinal cord injuries causing motor sequels on limbs. Rehabilitation programs provide an opportunity for improvement of quality of life, helping on integrating those individuals back into social activities. Shoulder pain is more frequent in individuals with spinal cord injury, regardless of the rehabilitation program adopted. In the current study, 32 shoulders of 16 patients with spinal cord injury levels between C4 and T12 submitted to a rehabilitation program at DOT/UNICAMP were evaluated by using ultrasound. Changes on rotator cuff tendons were detected in 56.25 percent, and 12.50 percent of the patients presented changes in humeral tuberosities. These changes were more prevalent in quadriplegic patients. Analgesic therapies, rotator cuff muscles' strengthening whenever possible, and postural rehabilitation may provide shoulder pain reduction, enhancing the advantages of rehabilitation programs and providing a better quality of life.