ABSTRACT
The number of children born to HIV/AIDS-seropositive mothers in Cuba is small due to the implementation of the program for the prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV/AIDS in Cuba. During the studied period (January 1st, 1985, to December 31st, 1999) 64 children were born, 9 were infected with HIV, 7 of them have developed AIDS (3 have died due to this cause and 4 are under treatment with antiviral agents and proteases inhibitors) and 2 are asymptomatic HIV seropositive. Of the 48 children that concluded the study, 39 (81.25) are sound and 9 (18.75) are HIV/AIDS-seropositive children, which is a low figure of maternal-infant transmission compared with that of the developed countries. Since 1997, when AZT began to be administered to mothers and children, none of the 8 children that finished the study have been infected. Up to now, 10 HIV/AIDS-seropositive children, 9 by perinatal route and 1 by blood transfusion, already dead, have been reported in the country.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Cuba , HIV Seropositivity , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The emergence of a new pathogen Cyclospora cayetanensis as a cause of clinical disease in immunosuppressed hosts is related with prolonged, severe and highly recurrent diarrheas. This paper reports two Cuban cases of cyclosporiasis associated with infection from human immunodeficiency virus in which non sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis were detected in feces by modified Zielhl Neelsen's technique. The most significant clinical symptoms were chronic diarrheas and loss of body weight, with CD4 levels below 200 cells per mm3. The occurrence of severe digestive symptoms in patients with Cyclospora cayetanensi and important immune compromise backed up the concept that this pathogen may act as a new opportunistic pathogen in patients with HIV.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Cyclospora , Cyclosporiasis , Diarrhea , Anti-Infective Agents , Cyclosporiasis/drug therapy , Cyclosporiasis/parasitology , Cyclospora , Diarrhea , Feces , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Sulfamethoxazole , TrimethoprimABSTRACT
In a period of 5 years, 21 children with ocular lesions caused by toxoplasma (chorioretinitis due to toxoplasma) were seen at "Pedro KourÝ" Tropical Medicine Institute. Of the 21 children, 5 (23.8) had lesions in both eyes and 16 (76.1) in one eye (9 in the left eye and 7 in the right one). 9 children (42.8) initially had active lesions that responded satisfactorily to medical treatment whereas 12 (57.1) came to the hospital with healed lesions that did not require any treatment. They were all followed up as outpatients with favorable evolution in all cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Chorioretinitis , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular , Chorioretinitis , Incidence , Toxoplasmosis, OcularABSTRACT
This paper reports a case of acute purulent rhinitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a HIV/AIDS patient seen at the Hospitalization Center of "Pedro KourÝ" Tropical Medicine Institute. The clinical findings were fever, severe purulent rhinorrea and affected general condition. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated with standard and advanced diagnosis techniques. Antimicrobial sensitivity test revealed that it was sensitive to cefaloridien, ampicillin, penicillin G and oxacillin. The patient was treated with a dose of 2 g of ampicillin daily for 10 days. The clinical picture of the patient improved and there was a total remission of the symptoms.