Estrés laboral, sensibilidad ética y consumo de alcohol en personal de enfermería de Puebla, México / Work-related stress, ethical sensitivity, and alcohol consumption among nursing professionals in Puebla, Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN: Existen elevados porcentajes de estrés laboral en el personal de enfermería, ocasiona síntomas físicos y psicológicos, que pueden deteriorar la atención y disminuir la sensibilidad ética en el cuidado, lo que posibilita el incremento del consumo de alcohol. OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación que existe entre el estrés laboral, la sensibilidad ética y el consumo de alcohol en el personal de enfermería. METODOLOGÍA: Se utilizó un diseño correlacional, la población se conformó por 216 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital privado. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo por conveniencia, a través de la fórmula de población finita, la muestra se conformó de 168. Se aplicó la escala de estrés en enfermería (NSS), cuestionario de sensibilidad ética (MSQ) y AUDIT. RESULTADOS: El promedio de estrés fue del 33,95 y de sensibilidad ética de 66,34. La prevalencia del consumo de alcohol en el último mes fue de 32,1% y 17,9% en los últimos siete días, el consumo de alcohol sensato era superior. No se encontró relación entre el estrés laboral, sensibilidad ética y consumo de alcohol (p > .05); sin embargo, sí, con los factores que las componen; donde fuerza moral se relacionó negativamente con el estrés laboral, así como carga de trabajo con carga moral y fuerza moral (p <.05) y el consumo de alcohol dependiente positivamente con muerte y sufrimiento. CONCLUSIÓN: Los factores del estrés laboral disminuyen la sensibilidad ética, y la dependencia del consumo de alcohol se propicia por la muerte y sufrimiento en el personal de enfermería.

INTRODUCTION: There is a high percentage of work-related stress among nursing professionals. This situation provokes psychological and physical symptoms that can impair attention and decrease ethical sensitivity when taking care of patients, which, in turn, can increase alcohol consumption. OBJECTIVE: To identify the correlation between work-related stress, ethical sensitivity, and alcohol consumption among nursing professionals. METHODOLOGY: A correlational design was used drawing from a population of 216 nursing professionals from a private hospital. Convenience sampling through a finite population formula was employed and a sample of 168 was formed. Nursing Stress Scale (NSS), Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ), and AUDIT were also applied. RESULTS: Averages for work-related stress and ethical sensitivity were 33.95 and 66.34, respectively. 32.1% consumed alcohol within the last month and 17.9% weekly. Prudent alcohol consumption was more common. No relation was found between work-related stress, ethical sensitivity, and alcohol consumption (p > .05); however, there is some relation between the factors integrating them. Moral strength was negatively connected to work-related stress, as were work responsibilities to moral burden and moral strength (p <.05). Alcohol consumption was positively connected to experiences of death and suffering. CONCLUSION: Among nursing professionals, work-related stress factors reduce ethical sensitivity, and alcohol dependence is affected by death and suffering in the work setting.

Factores de riesgo y etapas de adquisición del consumo de drogas lícitas en estudiantes mexicanos / Risk factors and stages of acquisition of lawful drug consumption in mexican students / Fatores de risco e estágios de aquisição do consumo de drogas lícitas em estudantes mexicanos

Objetivo: comparar los factores de riesgo, etapas de adquisición y consumo de alcohol y tabaco así como la relación que existe entre factores de riesgo y consumo de alcohol y tabaco, en estudiantes de preparatoria de complementos urbanos del norte y sur de Nuevo León, México. Método: estudio comparativo, correlacional, muestreo por conglomerados y una muestra de 374 estudiantes en el período de 2016 a 2017. Se utilizaron como instrumentos el POSIT y EASJ y para el análisis la prueba de chi cuadrada, Friedman, H de Kruskal Wallis, correlación de Spearman y un modelo de regresión. Resultados: 31.6% de los adolescentes se encontraban en la etapa de mantenimiento de consumo de alcohol y 63.6% en la etapa de precontemplación del consumo de tabaco. Los factores de riesgo escolares (H = 15.19, p = .004) e individuales (H = 22.0, p = .001) tienen más presencia en la etapa de preparación ( = 62.74; Mdn = 64.70) y mantenimiento del consumo de alcohol ( = 50.45; Mdn = 51.35). Para el consumo de tabaco destacan los factores de riesgo individuales en la etapa de preparación y familiares en mantenimiento (p<.001). Existe relación de los factores de riesgo y consumo de alcohol (rs = .376, p< .001) y tabaco (rs = .345, p < .001). Conclusión: los factores de riesgo intervienen en el tránsito por las etapas de adquisición del consumo de drogas lícitas.

Objective: to compare the risk factors, the stages of acquisition and the consumption of alcohol and tobacco as the relationship that exists between the risk factors and the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, in high school students of urban complements of the north and south of Nuevo Leon, Mexico Method: comparative, correlational study, cluster sampling and a sample of 374 in the period from 2016 to 2017. POSIT and EASJ were used as instruments and for the analysis the chi-square test, Friedman, Kruskal Wallis H, Spearman correlation and a regression model. Results: 31.6% of adolescents were in the stage of maintenance of alcohol consumption and 63.6% in the stage of precontemplation of tobacco consumption. The school risk factors (H = 15.19, p = .004) and individual risk factors (H = 22.0, p = .001) have more presence in the preparation stage ( = 62.74; Mdn = 64.70) and maintenance of alcohol consumption ( = 50.45; Mdn = 51.35). In tobacco use, individual risk factors in the preparation phase and family risk factors in maintenance stand out (p<.001). There is a relationship between risk factors and alcohol consumption (rs = .376, p< .001) and tobacco (rs = .345, p < .001). Conclusion: risk factors intervene in traffic through the stages of acquisition of licit drug use.

Objetivo: comparar os fatores de risco, estágio de aquisição e consumo de álcool e tabaco, assim como a relação que existe entre os fatores de risco e o consumo de álcool e tabaco em estudantes de ensino médio complementar urbano do norte e sul de Nuevo León, México. Método: estudo comparativo, correlacional, com amostragem por conglomerados e uma amostra de 374 estudantes, no período de 2016 a 2017. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o POSIT e EASJ, e para análise o teste do qui-quadrado, Friedman, Kruskal Wallis H, Correlação de Spearman e um modelo de regressão. Resultados: 31,6% dos adolescentes estavam no estágio de manutenção de álcool e 63,6% no estágio de pré-contemplação do consumo de tabaco. Os fatores de risco da escola (H=15.19, p=.004) e individuais (H= 22.0, p =.001) têm mais presença no estágio de preparação (X=62.74; Mdn=64.70) e manutenção do consumo de álcool (X=50.45; Mdn=51.35). Para o consumo de tabaco destacam os fatores de risco individuais no estágio de preparação e familiares na manutenção (p<.001). Existe relação dos fatores de risco e o consumo de álcool (rs=.376, p<.001) e tabaco (rs= .345, p<.001). Conclusão: os fatores de risco têm intervenção no trânsito pelos estágios da aquisição do consumo de drogas lícitas.

Efectividad de la risaterapia en manejo el dolor en pacientes pediátricos postoperados de apendicetomía / Effectiveness of laughter therapy in pain management in pediatric patients in postoperative appendectomy / Efetividades da risoterapia no manejo da dor em pacientes pediátricos em pósoperatório de apendicectomia

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la risaterapia en el manejo del dolor en pacientes pediátricos postoperados de apendicetomía versus pacientes que reciben tratamiento farmacológico. Método: ensayo clínico controlado, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal, en 32 pacientes divididos en 16 por grupo experimental y control, seleccionados aleatoriamente. El dolor fue evaluado en ambos grupos por la Escala Visual Análoga, constantes vitales, antes y después de la intervención de risaterapia y la terapia farmacológica. Resultados: la disminución del dolor mediante la risaterapia es efectiva (t= 4.138, p= .001; t=2.216, p = 0.043; respectivamente) en el grupo experimental versus en el grupo control, donde se aplico la terapia farmacologica (t= 5.436, p= .001; t=4.443, p = .001; respectivamente). Conclusión: la risaterapia tiene un impacto equitativo a la administración del medicamento en los pacientes pediátricos, además disminuye la frecuencia respiratoria y aumenta la saturación de oxígeno de los pacientes, al contrario de lo que sucede con el fármaco.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of laughter therapy on pain management in postoperative pediatric patients of appendectomy versus patients receiving pharmacological treatment. Method: controlled, prospective, longitudinal cut clinical trial, in 32 patients divided into 16 by experimental and control group, randomly selected. Pain was evaluated in both groups by the Visual Analog Scale, vital signs, before and after the intervention of laughter therapy and pharmacological therapy. Results: the decrease in pain through laughter therapy is effective (t = 4,138, p = .001; t = 2,216, p = 0.043; respectively) in the experimental group versus the control group, in which pharmacological therapy was applied (t = 5.436, p = .001; t = 4.443, p = .001; respectively). Conclusion: laughter therapy has an equitable impact on drug administration in pediatric patients, it also decreases respiratory rate and increases patients' oxygen saturation, unlike drug therapy

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da risoterapia no manejo da dor em pacientes pediátricos em pós-operatório de apendicectomia versus pacientes em tratamento farmacológico. Método: ensaio clínico controlado, prospectivo e longitudinal, em 32 pacientes divididos em 16 por grupo experimental e controle, selecionados aleatoriamente. A dor foi avaliada em ambos os grupos pela Escala Visual Analógica, sinais vitais, antes e após a intervenção da risoterapia e terapia farmacológica. Resultados: a diminuição da dor através da terapia do riso é eficaz (t = 4.138, p = 0,001; t = 2,216, p = 0,043; respectivamente) no grupo experimental versus no grupo controle, onde a terapia farmacológica foi aplicada (t = 5,436, p = 0,001; t = 4,443, p = 0,001, respectivamente). Conclusão: a risoterapia tem um impacto equitativo à administração do medicamento em pacientes pediátricos, ademais diminui a frequência respiratória e aumenta a saturação de oxigênio dos pacientes, ao contrário do que ocorre com o fármaco.

Descripción del problema de dengue con enfoque de la determinación social de la salud en una comunidad: estudio de campo / Description of the dengue problem with a focus on the social determinants of health in a community: field study

Este trabajo quiere contribuir con otra perspectiva a la solución del problema del Dengue en México. El objetivo fue determinar tipos de criadero de Aedes aegypti, condiciones de la vivienda e identificar dimensiones que determinen la enfermedad con enfoque integral social en la colonia centro de Mazatepec, Morelos. El estudio es de corte transversal descriptivo, se llevó a cabo en temporada de sequía (2015), se realizó colecta entomológica para identificar criaderos del vector, aplicación de Índice de Condición de Vivienda (ICV) y cuestionario con perspectiva de la Determinación Social de la Salud a 80 casas. Se detectaron 3,221 recipientes sin agua y 655 con agua, 25.34% tratables (tanques, tinacos), 9.46% controlables (botes y cubetas) y 4.7% diversos chicos, el ICV identificó 14 casas positivas (57.69%-tratables), 47.5% de medio riesgo para crecimiento del vector, el 83.3% atribuyó el problema a condiciones de vida y posesión de recursos, 40.83% responsabilizó a la comunidad, falta de interés y mala organización. Las estrategias y políticas en salud deben de tomar en cuenta la perspectiva social y análisis de las comunidades, mejorar las condiciones de vivienda, trabajo y organización comunitaria para preservar la salud(AU)

This work aims to contribute to the solution to the dengue problem in Mexico with a different approach. The objectives of the research were to determine the types of hatcheries for Aedes aegypti and housing conditions, as well as to identify the dimensions that determine the disease with an integral social approach in the Colonia Centro of Mazatepec, Morelos, Mexico. This is a descriptive cross-sectional studycarried out during the dry season in 2015, an entomological collection was made to identify the vector hatcheries, the Housing Condition Index (HCI) and a questionnaire were applied to establish the Social Determinants of Health for 80 houses. A total of 3,221 containers without water and 655 with water were detected, out of these 25.34% were tagged as manageable (water tanks), 9.46% as controllable (buckets and cans) and 4.7% as various small items. The HCI identified 14 positive houses (57.69% as manageable), 47.5% as medium risk for the development of the vector. Eighty three point three percent of the questionnaire participants attributed the problem to life conditions and resources property, 40.83% to the community, the lack of interest and disorganization as responsible. Health strategies and policies must take into account the social approach and analysis of the communities, improving housing, work and community organization conditions to preserve health(AU)

Risk factors for alcohol consumption in adolescents students / Fatores de risco para o consumo de álcool em adolescentes estudantes / Factores de riesgo para el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes estudiantes

This is a qualitative and descriptive work, which has used the clinical and qualitative method. The sample was composed of nine patients living with HIV. We used the interview technique with semi-structured questions to collect data. The data were analyzed using the method of content analysis. Our objective was to describe the symbolic representations that emerged during the group activity, assigned to patients with HIV/AIDS. We conclude that the symbolic is very strong and representative in the life of this population. The myth surrounding HIV can be overcome by knowledge acquired during meetings in groups. Alternatives that offer care aimed at populations that tend to social isolation and exclusion should be encouraged by health professionals and their managers.

INTRODUÇÃO: As legislações dos países não aceitam o consumo de álcool em adolescentes, mas se observa seu aumento. OBJETIVO: Identificar o efeito dos fatores pessoais no consumo de álcool em adolescentes que estudam. MÉTODOS: Estudo correlacional em adolescentes que estudam, com amostragem aleatória realizando a seleção de uma n= 894, a aplicação de três instrumentos. RESULTADOS: O consumo de álcool alguma vez na vida foi de 65%. Encontram-se efeitos dos fatores de risco; sexo e idade sobre o consumo de álcool (c2=31.23; p=.001; R2= 27%). CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores de risco aumentam o consumo de álcool em adolescentes.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las legislaciones de los países no aceptan el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes, pero se observa incremento en ellos. OBJETIVO: Identificar el efecto de los factores personales en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes que estudian. METODOS: diseño correlacional en adolescentes que estudian, con muestreo aleatorio se selecciona una n= 894, se aplican tres instrumentos. RESULTADOS: El consumo de alcohol alguna vez en la vida fue del 65%. Se encuentran efectos de los factores de riesgo; sexo y edad sobre el consumo de alcohol (c2=31.23; p=.001; R2= 27%). CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo incrementan el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes.