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1.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 30(2): 216-222, 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-835955

ABSTRACT

Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) son un motivo frecuente de consulta en la práctica dermatológica. La hipersensibilidad a fármacos es una causa común de RAM, y es de gran relevancia confirmar este mecanismo para que el paciente evite futuras exposiciones. El test de parche tiene un rol relevante en el proceso diagnóstico de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad no inmediatas, otros test como la intradermorreacción o el test de provocación son más invasivos o de alto riesgo, y los exámenes in vitro para reacciones tardías no se encuentran fácilmente disponibles. El problema es que existe escasa estandarización del procedimiento y el valor predictivo del examen es incierto. En esta revisión exponemos la mejor evidencia disponible, lo que permitirá al especialista decidir cuándo hacer este examen y cómo interpretar sus resultados.


Adverse drugs reactions (ADR) are a frequent diagnosis in dermatological practice. Drug hypersensitivity is a common ADR etiology, and it is greatly relevant to confirm this mechanism to avoid future exposures of the patient to the culprit drug. Patch test has an outstanding role in non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions diagnosis process, other tests like intradermal reaction or provocation test are more aggressive or implies more risk, and in-vitro test for non-inmediate reactions are not easily available. One of the main problems of patch test is the lack of standarization of the procedure and the uncertain predictive value. In this review is exposed the best evidence available, so the specialist could decide when to do the test and how interpret its results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Patch Tests/methods , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Skin Tests/methods
3.
Gezira Journal of Health Sciences. 2013; 9 (2): 43-55
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-138718

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at assessing the first aid management and types of complications arising from snakebite. A survey of snakebites cases admitted to Sinnar Teaching Hospital, Sinnar, Sudan was conducted between March 2011 and March 2013. The demographic and clinical details of each case were obtained using a questionnaire design to collect primary data from patients and their relatives and patient's, while, secondary data was collected from the hospital record. Data was analyzed using frequency tabulation. A total number of 111 cases of snake bites were reported during the period of study. The most common age group affected was 19-36 years. The highest number of incidents occurred during daytime from July to December, and lower limb was the major affected part of the body. 41.1% of the victims were farmers. Tourniquet was found to be the most commonly used first aid. The major observed complications were cellulitis and spontaneous bleeding. A mortality rate of 3.6% was reported. Extensive use of tourniquet as a first aid measure is one of the primary causes of complications from snakebite. Correct first aid and scientifically based medical intervention are very important snakebite management mechanism and can reduce its complications considerably

4.
Annals of Thoracic Medicine. 2013; 8 (3): 148-152
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-130335

ABSTRACT

To evaluate tuberculosis [TB] incidence rates and trends over a period of 20 years [1991-2010] and assess the impact of the National TB Control Program [NTP] on incidence trends. This is a retrospective study of TB surveillance data reported by the Ministry of Health. We evaluated TB incidence data by nationality, age, and region of the country and assessed incidence trends over 20 years of study. Chi-squared test was used to assess trend change and its significance. There were a total of 64,345 reported TB cases over the study period. Of these 48% were Non-Saudis. TB annual incidence rate ranged between 14 and 17/100,000. For Saudis, the rate ranged between 8.6 and 12.2/100,000. Non-Saudis had 2-3 times higher incidence. Disease trend was rising over the first 10 years of the study period then it started to fall slightly. The incidence increased with age, but only people older than 45 years showed a declining trend. Regional variations were observed. Makkah and Jazan regions had the highest incidence rates. Disease trends were rising over the last 10 years in Makkah and Central regions. TB control seems to be facing some challenges in several regions of the Kingdom. NTP needs to evaluate and improve TB control strategies in order to reduce disease incidence to elimination levels


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Incidence , Retrospective Studies
5.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 27(3): 335-339, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-654659

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 36 años que consultó por lesiones vasculíticas en extremidades inferiores que aparecieron con relación al uso de un producto oral comercializado para la caída del pelo que contiene prosilium, vitaminas B6, B5, B8, hierro, zinc y vitamina E. Algunos elementos evolucionaron hacia la necrosis, especialmente en la pierna derecha. Los análisis de laboratorio permitieron excluir otras patologías asociadas con vasculitis, diagnosticándose una vasculitis cutánea de vaso pequeño posiblemente asociado a alguno de los componentes de dicho producto.


A 36 year old woman went for a consultation because of vasculitic lesions in her lower extremities that appeared after the use of a commercial oral product for hair loss which contains prosilium, vitamin B6, B5, B8, E, iron, and zinc. Some elements evolved towards necrosis, especially in the right leg. Laboratory analysis excluded other causes of vasculitis. The final diagnosis was a cutaneous vasculitis possible associated with some of the components of the hair loss product.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Alopecia , Skin Diseases, Vascular/etiology , Complementary Therapies/adverse effects , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/etiology
6.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 25(1): 32-36, 2009. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-525457

ABSTRACT

En relación a casos no esperados de sífilis en pacientes VIH + o con SIDA en control en un policlínico de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, se decidió revisar las fichas clínicas. Se consignaron parámetros clínicos como: número de casos, edad, sexo, preferencia sexual, etapa de la enfermedad, existencia de terapia, y parámetros de laboratorio como VDRL y recuento de linfocitos CD4. Se revisaron 1.703 historias clínicas que correspondieron a un período de 19 años. Se detectaron 171 casos de sífilis, siendo esta patología más frecuente en los pacientes de sexo masculino, de los cuales un 83 por ciento eran hombres que tenían sexo con hombres. La edad promedio fue 36,2 años y un 45 por ciento de los casos registrados fueron contagiosos debido a que clínicamente se diagnosticaron en etapas primarias y secundarias. El grupo de homosexuales presentó con mayor frecuencia sífilis y además es el grupo que fue contagiado más de una vez, en algunos casos, a pesar de estar en terapia antirretroviral.


Concerning unexpected syphilis cases in HIV or AIDS patients who were controlled in a sexually transmitted disease clinic, we decided to analyze the clinical files. We analyzed clinical variables, such as number of cases, age, gender, sexual preference, disease stage, existence of therapy and laboratory tests like VDRL and lymphocytic CD4. 1,703 files were revised over a 19 year period, detecting 171 syphilis cases, which were more frequent in men who had sex with men (83 percent). Average age was 36.2, and 45 percent of the registered cases were contagious, since they were clinically diagnosed at primary and secondary stages. Homosexuals were the group that most frequently presented syphilis, as well as having been infected more than once, in some cases, even though they were undergoing antiretroviral therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , HIV Infections/complications , Syphilis/complications , Age Distribution , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Chile/epidemiology , Health Behavior , Homosexuality, Male , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Sexual Partners , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Syphilis/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
7.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 23(3): 192-196, 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-481392

ABSTRACT

Paciente de 19 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos de importancia, que presentó necrosis y úlceras genitales sensibles durante un período de cuatro meses y medio, en relación a cuadros infecciosos amigdalianos y respiratorios.


We present the case of a 19-year-old patient, lacking significant morbid antecedents, who presented necrosis and sensitive genital ulcers during a period of four and a half moths, related with tonsillitis and respiratory infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Scrotum/abnormalities , Necrosis/diagnosis , Ulcer/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential
8.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 23(1): 29-36, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-498203

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 64 años que ha tenido episodios recurrentes de lesiones vesiculosas en su extremidad inferior derecha, diagnosticándose una dermatosis acantolítica. Existe un espectro de enfermedades acantolíticas que histopatológicamente presentan acantolisis, pero que no comparten factores genéticos. El diagnóstico clínico puede ser extremadamente difícil y es la suma de herencia, clínica, histopatología y evolución, la que permite llegar a un diagnóstico. Se realiza una reseña de todas estas enfermedades.


We present the case of 64-year-old female patient with recurrent episodes of vesicles in her lower right limb. Histopathological study revealed acantholytic dermatosis. There is a large spectrum of acantholytic dermatosis that histopathologically presents acantholysis but does not share genetic factors. Clinical diagnosis may be extremely difficult and results in the sum of genetics, clinical findings, histopathological studies and evolution. We also present a review of these diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Acantholysis/pathology , Pemphigus, Benign Familial/pathology , Darier Disease/pathology , Acantholysis/therapy , Pemphigus, Benign Familial/therapy , Darier Disease/therapy
11.
12.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 21(2): 104-108, 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451582

ABSTRACT

Paciente con sida de 38 años que presentó un carcinoma espinocelular. Se revisa la asociación entre esta neoplasia, el virus papiloma humano, la homosexualidad, la promiscuidad sexual y el sida. También, alguna información sobre conductas terapéuticas.


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , HIV Infections/complications , Anus Neoplasms/complications , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/therapy , Homosexuality, Male
13.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 21(3): 84-189, 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-455685

ABSTRACT

Se presentan dos casos clínicos de pacientes con el síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker. Mujer diabética de 57 años con lesiones pigmentadas en mucosa oral. Adolescente de 16 años con pigmentación en lengua, mucosa oral y uñas. Se revisa el tema y se analizan diagnósticos diferenciales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Middle Aged , Hyperpigmentation/complications , Hyperpigmentation/pathology , Tongue/pathology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Mouth Diseases/pathology , Melanosis , Syndrome
15.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 35(4): 230-237, 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482209

ABSTRACT

The long-established approaches utilized to treat fecal incontinence always require instrumentation with some type of electronic equipment. This equipment is not always available in every institutions. In addition, no studied protocol principally used as coordination, sensory, or strength training has reached the level of gold standard. The purpose of this study was to describe a simple biofeedback technique that incorporating a mental variable and not requiring electronic equipment with prior adequate training could be used at any medical institution. METHODS: A particular modality of an operant conditioning technique was given once and a home trainer program was established. Forty-eight patients (mean age 37.1 +/- 3.7 years) were recruited. Patients had suffered from total incontinence for a period of 55 +/- 7.5 months, all used two to three pads per day and suffered 2.4 +/- 0.2 episodes of incontinence per day. Patients underwent clinical history recording, laboratory tests, recto-sigmoidoscopy, and double-contrast barium enema. Manometry and rectal sensitivity were performed in 7 and 27 patients, respectively. For physiologic comparisons, 21 healthy volunteers were used. RESULTS: A total of 79.1% of patients became continent in a median period of 3.9 +/- 0.5 months. An average of 3.85 +/- 0.55 sessions was required. Follow-up continued for 3-11 years. Patients with incontinence showed lower basal mean resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure and rectal sensitivity (p <0. 01) and spontaneous rectoanal inhibitory reflex was absent in 57%. CONCLUSIONS: This biofeedback approach does not employ any type of electronic equipment and can be easily reproduced in any type of medical center. Additionally, this is the first report in which a methodology for biofeedback therapy successfully incorporates a mental variable in addition to sensory and strength training.


Antecedentes: Los tratamientos establecidos para laincontinencia fecal requieren instrumentación conalgún tipo de equipo electrónico. Estos no está disponible en todas las instituciones. Además, ningunoha alcanzado el nivel de gold standard. El propósito de este estudio fue describir una técnica de feedback simpleque, incorporando una variable mental y no requiriendo equipo electrónico, podría ser utilizada en cualquier institución médica con el adecuado entrenamiento. Métodos: Se aplicó una modalidad particular de condicionamiento operativo en una ocasión y un programa de entrenamiento en casa fue indicado posteriormente. Se reclutaron 48 pacientes (edad media 37.1 ± 3.7 años), con incontinencia total durante 55± 7.5 meses, cambios de pañal de dos a tres veces por día, y 2.4 ± 0.2 episodios de incontinencia por día. Seles efectuó historia clínica, laboratorio, rectosigmoidoscopía, y colon por enema de doble contraste. Se efectu-aron manometría y sensibilidad rectal en 7 y 27 pacientes, respectivamente. Para comparaciones fisiológicasón se utilizaron 21 voluntarios sanos. Resultados: Un total de 79% de los pacientes recobraron la continenciaen un período de 3.9 ± 0.5 meses, requiriendo un promedio de 3.8 ± 0.5 sesiones. El seguimiento continuópor 3 a 11 años. Los pacientes con incontinencia mostraron menor presión basal media en reposo, máximasensibilidad rectal (p <0.01) y ausencia del reflejo rectoanal inhibitorio espontáneo en el 57% de los casos.Conclusiones: Este tratamiento de biofeedback no emplea ningún tipo de equipo electrónico y puede serfácilmente reproducido en cualquier centro médico. Adicionalmente, este es el primer reporte en el cual unatécnica de tratamiento con biofeedback incorpora con éxito una variable mental además del entrenamiento sensorial y de contracción.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Biofeedback, Psychology/methods , Fecal Incontinence/therapy , Prospective Studies , Case-Control Studies , Fecal Incontinence/psychology , Manometry , Pilot Projects , Treatment Outcome
16.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 20(4): 241-244, 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-460821

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con síndrome de Poland y lesiones siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko. Se realiza una reseña histórica de las líneas de Blaschko en genética y asociaciones a otras patologías.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Hypopigmentation/diagnosis , Poland Syndrome , Skin/pathology , Hypopigmentation/pathology
17.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 20(2): 93-97, 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-405247

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la evolución de un liquen escleroso extragenital en una paciente diabética, de 67 años, con discordancia inicial entre la clínica y la histopatología, el cual posteriormente se complicó con un carcinoma espinocelular vulvar. Se realiza una revisión del tema y de la conducta terapéutica, especialmente en mujeres.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Clobetasol/therapeutic use , Vulvar Diseases/therapy , Scleroderma, Localized/drug therapy , Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Vulvar Diseases/surgery , Anus Diseases/pathology , Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/drug therapy , Vulvitis
20.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 20(3): 181-184, 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-405266

ABSTRACT

El granuloma anular generalizado es una enfermedad inflamatoria benigna que se asocia con otras patologías. En relación a dos pacientes con diabetes mellitus y granuloma anular generalizado, se analiza su paralelismo con esta enfermedad y algunas conductas terapéuticas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Granuloma Annulare/complications , Granuloma Annulare/etiology , Granuloma Annulare/drug therapy
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