Surgical site infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: To compare the frequency of surgical site infections in patients with type II diabetes undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy as compared with non-diabetic patients

Study Design: Cohort study

Place and Duration of Study: Surgical Unit 2, Services Hospital, Lahore, from May to October 2012

Methodology: Patients were divided into two groups of 60 each, undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Group A comprised non-diabetic patients and group B comprised type II diabetic patients. Patients were followed postoperatively upto one month for the development of SSIs. Proportion of patients with surgical site infections or otherwise was compared between the groups using chi-square test with significance of p < 0.05

Results: In group A, 35 patients were above the age of 40 years. In group B, 38 patients were above the age of 40 years. Four patients in group A developed a surgical site infection. Seven patients in group B developed SSIs [p = 0.07]

Conclusion: Presence of diabetes mellitus did not significantly affect the onset of surgical site infection in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Mesh fixation vs. non-fixation in total extra peritoneal mesh hernioplasty

To compare mesh fixation with non-fixation and its effect on outcome. The interventional prospective study was conducted at the National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore from January 2007 to December 2008. After the two-year intervention period, the patients were followed up for 5 years. The selected patients were divided into two groups. In group 1, mesh fixation was performed with metal non-absorbable tackers and in group II no fixation of mesh was performed. Patients were followed up at 6, 12, 24 and 60 months. Of the 63 patients in the study, 32[50.7%] were in group I and 31[49.2% in group II. The Mean pain score in group I was 4.7 +/- 0.683 and 4.1 +/- 0.860 in group II [p< 0.001]. Urinary retention was more common in group 1 [p>0.05], while recurrence was more common in group II [p>0.05]. Pain was significantly less in the non-fixation group, while urinary retention and recurrence were not significantly increased. Non-fixation is a viable option for total extraperitoneal mesh hernioplasty and should be preferred over mesh fixation

Use of box simulators for improving intraoperative laparoscopic skills: an essential tool for the surgeon in training

To compare the improvement of intraoperative laparoscopic skills by measuring GOALS score between residents who have undergone simulator training with those who have not received any simulator training. A randomized controlled trial. Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Lahore, from August 2013 to February 2014. Thirty residents belonging to year 1, 2 and 3 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. Both groups had a baseline evaluation with GOALS score while performing dissection of gallbladder from liver bed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Group-A underwent formal training on simulators whereas group-B did not receive any formal training on simulators. After 6 months, a repeat evaluation was done again by measuring GOALS score while performing gallbladder dissection. Baseline GOALS scores of both the groups were similar. Group-A baseline score was 7.66 +/- 0.93 and group-B score was 7.46 +/- 1.04 [p = 0.585]. However repeat scores for group-A showed a significant improvement [an increase of 7.16 +/- 1.48 to 14.76 +/- 1.67, p < 0.001] from baseline scores. Residents in group-B improved their scores by 2.30 +/- 0.99 to 9.76 +/- 0.79 [p < 0.001]. When inter group comparison was done the second score of group-A was significantly higher than that of group-B [14.76 +/- 1.67 vs. 9.76 +/- 0.79, p < 0.001]. Inter-rater reliability was moderately significant [Kappa 0.540]. Training on laparoscopic simulators results in significant improvement of intraoperative laparoscopic skills

Laparoscopic splenectomy

Patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy were observed for their postoperative recovery and development of complications. It was a retrospective analysis done at Services Hospital and National Hospital and Medical Center, Lahore, from January 2010 to December 2012. A total of 13 patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy and were included in the study. Patients were followed for their postoperative recovery and development of any complications. The median age of patients was 19 years ranging from 13 to 69 years. Accessory spleens were removed in 3 patients. Mean operating time was 158 minutes. One operation had to be converted to open because of uncontrolled hemorrhage. Six patients experienced postoperative complications including unexplained hyperpyrexia [n=2], pleural effusion [n=4] and prolonged pain > 48 hours [n=1]. No deaths or infections were seen. Seven out of 8 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura developed a positive immediate response to the splenectomy, defined as a platelet count greater than 100 x 10[9]/L after the surgery, which was maintained without medical therapy. Mean hospital stay was 5.5 days. Average time to return to activity was 15 days. All patients were followed for 6 months and no follow-up complications were noted