ABSTRACT
Overweight and obesity are increasing public health problems recognizedworldwide and rural population is not less affected. Early detection of overweight andobesity as well as cardiovascular and biochemical data are important for rural populationsto prevent and control of obesity related cardio-metabolic diseases. This study aimed todetermine biochemical, cardiovascular parameters and weight status among a ruralpopulation in Mandalay Division. This cross-sectional study of 263 subjects, age ranging from18-86 years, was conducted at Pin-Tee village in Pyin-Oo-Lwin Township in 2015.Anthropometry, cardiovascular and biochemical parameters were determined. Weightstatus was assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) and classified according to WHO adult AsianBMI criteria. There were 110 males (41.8%) and 153 females (58.2%), respectively, withmean age was 44.8 ± 16.0 years. Current smoking and current betel chewing were found inmales (58.2% and 34.6%) and females (4.6% and 4.6%), respectively. Current alcoholdrinking was observed in males (41.8%). Overweight (16.4% males; 19.6 % females) andobesity (10.9% males; 29.4 % females) were found in this study. Existence of hypertension,hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia (Fasting Blood Glucose≥126mg/dl) andelectrocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 39.9%, 32.3%, 9.5 % and 30.8%,respectively, among all respondents. Hypertension, abnormal electrocardiography,dyslipidemia and high alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly associated withincrease in BMI. The magnitude of obesity was quite high in this study population. Most ofthe cardio-metabolic risk factors were more common in females. Hypertension andhypertriglyceridemia were more frequent in this rural community.
ABSTRACT
Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a highly sensitive disease activity biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease. However, there are conflicting reports on whether the diagnostic accuracy in Crohn's disease is influenced by disease location. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the published literature. Relevant databases were searched from inception to November 8, 2016 for cohort and case control studies which had data on FC in patients with isolated small bowel (SB) and large bowel (LB) Crohn's disease. Reference standards for disease activity were endoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or a combination of these. The QUADAS-2 research tool was used to assess the risk of bias. There were 5,619 records identified at initial search. The 2,098 duplicates were removed and 3,521 records screened. Sixty-one full text articles were assessed for eligibility and 16 studies were included in the final review with sensitivities and specificities per disease location available from 8 studies. Sensitivities of FC at SB and LB locations ranged from 42.9% to 100% and 66.7% to 100% respectively while corresponding specificities were 50% to 100% and 28.6% to 100% respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of FC to accurately measure disease activity in Crohn's disease at different disease locations are diverse and no firm conclusion can be made. Better studies need to be undertaken to categorically answer the effect of disease location on the diagnostic accuracy of FC.