ABSTRACT
A cross-sectional survey combined with 24-hour dietary recall and food diary was undertaken to assess the calcium intake of the Myanmar population. The study was conducted from November 2003 to October 2005. A total of 886 subjects of both sexes aged above 2 years from three States and Divisions (Bago, Kayin, and Yangon) of Myanmar were included in the study. The major measures were mean daily calcium intake (mg/day) and major sources of calcium in the diet. Overall mean calcium intake was 197+13mg/day (2-9 years), 421+2mg/day (10-19 years), 399+21 mg/day (20-49 years), and 383+25mg/day (>50 years) for males, while the corresponding values for females were 207+17 mg/day, 366+19 mg/day, 387+16 mg/day, and 327 +19 mg/day. Calcium intake was less than 80% of the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for Myanmar for ages 2-9 years and 10-29 years in all the study areas, and for the 50 years and above age group in Yangon. Fish paste was found to be the major source of calcium. Milk and milk products contributed very little to total calcium intake, contributing 2.1% for residents in Yangon, 5.1% in Pa-an and none in Bago. Consumption of calciumrich foods, particularly milk and milk products, should be encouraged among the Myanmar people. Towards this end, appropriate nutrition education materials should be developed for promotional purposes.
ABSTRACT
In 1999 September a cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in 29 townships of Mandalay. Magwe and Bago divisions of Myanmar. Randomly selected 2074 urban and 1781 rural 15-24 year old youths from 4808 households were interviewed. 5.6 per cent of females and 67.6 per cent of male youths reported as current smokers. At age 14, 37 per cent of the boys smoked. At age 17, more than half of males smoked, and, at age 22 and older, nearly 80 per cent of them were already smoking. Girls started smoking later than boys. Only 1 per cent of 15-year-old girls smoked. When the females reached age 22-24, approximately 10 per cent of them smoked. Comparing different youth cohorts, the younger started smoking earlier than the older youths. Median age of starting tobacco smoking for the 16 year old males was 16; that was approximately 3 years earlier than the median age of smoking for the 24 years old males.
Subject(s)
MyanmarABSTRACT
Aim-To study a knowledge regarding HIV AIDS, sexual practices and sero-prevalences of syphilis/HIV among taxi-drivers. A cross sectional study on 120 respondants of taxi-drivers from Yangon Division Buses Control Committee was carried out by using the systematic random sampling method with self-administered questionnaire. Majority of taxi-drivers have better knowledge on mode of transmission and little knowledge on ways which do not transmit HIV. Most of them did not know proper use of condom. No case of HIV sero-positive were detected at the time of study.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Seroprevalence , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , MyanmarABSTRACT
A total of 619 cases of adults with gastroenteritis admitted to Yangon General Hospital, Workers' Hospital and Infectious Diseases Hospital were included in this study. It was observed that 33 percent were suffering from gastroenteritis due to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). The most prominent EPEC sero-groups encoutered were 01, 026, 055, 086, 0114, 0125 and 0128. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that 87 percent of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) were resistant to ampicillin, 58 percent to chloramphenicol, 49 percent to streptomycin, 55 percent to benzyl penicillin, 44 percent and 21 percent respectively to tetracyclline and septrin. They were all sensitive to nalidixic acid but 97 percent to gentamicin, 96 percent to sisomycin and 95 percent to tobramycin respectively.