ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the cardiovascular effects and reaction time associated with energy drink in healthy medical students
Methods: In this randomized control design, a total of 30 healthy volunteers, 19-21 years of age of either sex were divided at random into three groups namely A, B and C. At the time of study, subjects were fasting overnight and were abstaining from caffeine for 48 hours. Baseline pulse and blood pressure were taken whereas heart rate, QTc interval and mean reaction time of each of three groups were measured by using power laboratory. The subjects of group A had consumed nothing while those belonging to group B and C were asked to consume 250 ml [1 can] and 500 ml [2 cans] of energy drink respectively and measurements were retaken after 1 and 2 hours interval. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-19, and p
Results: The pulse rate, heart rate, blood pressure and QTc interval increased significantly in group C at 2 hour as compare to group A and B. In group C, at 2 hours, pulse rate increased by 16.1% [p=0.001], systolic blood pressure increased by 9.5% [p=<0.001], diastolic blood pressure increased by 10.1% [p=0.002], heart rate significantly increased by 17.3% [p=0.015] and QTc interval prolonged by 12.4% [p=0.002]. A decrease in mean reaction time was noticed by 20.0% [p=<0.001]
Conclusion: Energy drink consumption increases the HR. HP, QT interval as well as performance. The more the energy drink consumed, the higher the changes are likely to be
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the plasma interleukin-10 [IL-10] levels in patients suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever between 4 to 7 days of onset of disease and 24 hours after the first sample, to find out the association of plasma IL-10 levels with the outcome. Study Design: Analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: All major hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan, from August to November 2012
Methodology: Participants included 50 registered patients of dengue hemorrhagic fever [DHF] aged between 15 - 50 years. Plasma IL-10 concentrations were measured on above stated day. Outcome was described as recovery and shock. Platelet count and hematocrit percentages were also recorded. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 19. A p-value
Results: Plasma IL-10 levels were found to be raised in DHF patients and were associated with fatal outcome [p=0.004]. In recovered DHF patients, plasma IL-10 levels decreased after 24 hours [mean 26.54 +/- 16.03 pg/ml] as compared to admission time [mean 74.39 +/- 61.69 pg/ml] but in case of DHF patients suffering from shock, plasma IL-10 was found to be higher after 24 hours [mean 87.69 +/- 7.77 pg/ml] as compared to levels at admission time [mean 42.56 +/- 28.09 pg/ml]. ROC curve analysis revealed a change [30 units pg/ml] of plasma IL-10 concentration, within 24 hours of admission, raised from the base line to be 105 times more critical for shock in DHF patients [100% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity, p < 0.001]
Conclusion: Elevated plasma IL-10 is a potential predictor of disease severity and fatal outcome in DHF patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Severe Dengue , Patient Outcome Assessment , Disease ProgressionABSTRACT
Objective: to compare serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies
Study Design: cross-sectional analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: department of Physiology, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, in collaboration with Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore, from March 2012 to April 2012
Methodology: thirty registered preeclamptic patients with systolic and diastolic blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg on more than two occasions, 6 hours apart, and proteinuria at least 300 mg in 24-hour urine collection; and 30 normotensive uncomplicated pregnant women matched for age, gestational age, parity and BMI were included by convenient sampling technique. Vitamin D levels of less than 50 n mol/l [< 20 ng/ml] were the cutoff point. Spearman's rank correlation of vitamin D with systolic blood pressure and arterial pressure in both preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women was presented in a tabulated form
Results: vitamin D deficiency was found in 95% of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. The difference of vitamin D level between the two groups was not found significant. Although there was an inverse correlation between serum vitamin D and systolic blood pressure and arterial pressure in preeclamptic group, but this was not statistically significant
Conclusion: vitamin D deficiency does not seem to be affected by the state of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancy. The correlation of systolic blood pressure and arterial pressure and vitamin D needs to be explored further by increasing the sample size