ABSTRACT
Background: High myopia is one of the main causes of visual impairment worldwide. About 1% of the population has high myopia. There is significant evidence from research with animal models and humans that the development of refractive errors is associated with changes in the structural characteristics of the choroid. Studies from a range of different animal species, including chicks, macaque monkeys, indicate that alterations in choroidal thickness [CT] can precede and accompany the development of myopic refractive errors
Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to evaluate the choroid by Enhanced Depth Imaging OCT, as regards to its morphology and thickness in high axial myopic patients
Patients and Methods: The controlled cross sectional study that was conducted on a consecutive series of subjects attending outpatient clinic of Ophthalmology Department, Ain Shams University. The patients were divided into two groups: Study group [group I]: includes 100 high axial myopic eyes [more than -6.00 diopters] and Control group [group II]: includes 100 emmetropic eyes
Results: According to ANOVA test and Tukey HSD post ANOVA test], choroidal thickness changed significantly with different measurement location, with the thinnest choroid observed in the 3 mm nasal and the thickest choroid in the 3 mm upper. CT varied significantly across the myopic subgroups and the emmetropic control group at all the locations [
Conclusion: Our study along with the comprehensive meta-analysis showed that the choroidal thickness is significantly lower in high myopic eyes than control emmetropic eyes. UCVA, AL and the presence of posterior staphyloma are the significant predictors of CT in high myopia and must be taken into account when interpreting the data on CT. Given the large number of people with myopia in the world, these findings seem to have widespread implications
ABSTRACT
Background: the prevalence of Diabetic retinopathy in Egypt among adult diabetic patients in 2010 was around 20.5%. 90 percent of all cases of blindness from diabetes can be prevented. Copeptin, a novel biomarker [a surrogate to arginine vasopressin was found to increase with diabetic nephropathy
Objectives: to study the level of copeptin in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Methods: the study was conducted on 96 individuals divided into 4 groups. Group I 24 patientswith proliferative diabetic retinopaty [PDR], Group II 24 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR], Group III 24 diabetic patients with no evidence of retinopathy and Group IV 24 healthy non diabetic individuals. All participants were subjected to full medical history taking, slit lamp biomicroscope fundus examination and measurement of serum fasting blood sugar, 2 hour post prandial blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, serum copeptin and urinary albumin creatinine ratio
Results: the study shows a statistically significant rise in the level of copeptin in patients with PDR [Group I] and NPDR [Group II] when compared with those with no diabetic retinopathy [Group III] and the control group [Group IV] P value < 0.001. There was a statistically significant positive correlation with duration of diabetes [r = 0.589] and level ofalbumin/creatinine ratio [ACR] [r = 0.540] P value < 0.001
Conclusion: copeptin was found to be higher in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy when compared to diabetics with no retinal complications and healthy individuals with a statistically significant difference. It was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients in comparison with the normal population. There was a statistically significant positive correlation with ACR and duration of diabetes
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatment in patients with aphakic and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema [CME]. A two years prospective study of 25 cases with CME following cataract surgery. Every case underwent full ophthalmological examination and fluorescein fundus angiography. All cases treated by topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory [Diclofenac 01%] ophthalmic solution 1-2 drops 4 times a day, 10 cases received 0 - [B - hydroxyaethyl] -rutosidea [Venoruton - 300] capsules 1200 mg in two divided oral dose daily for 2 weeks together with the topical diclofenac. Follow-up ranged 6 - 30 months [mean 19 months]. The 25 eyes of 25 patients all unilateral. 21[84.0%] pseudophakic and 4[16.0%] aphakic. Mean duration of CME [10.50 months]. Mean BCVA 0.2. Two groups were identified according to medical treatment, Group A - 15 cases received diclofenac 0.1% alone with 13 [86.7%] improved in a mean period of 8.5 weeks, 2 [13.4%] not improved and 3 [23.1%] with on/off phenomenon. Group B - 10 cases received topical diclofenac 0.1% together with Venoruton 300 capsules 9 [90.0%] improved in a mean 5 weeks, 1 [10.0%] not improved and 1 [11.2%] with on/off phenomenon. Topical non - steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [Diclofenic 0.1%] ophthalmic solution proved to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of chronic aphakic and pseudopahkic cystoid macular edema. Oral O - [B - hydroxyaethyl] - rutosidea [Venoruton 300] capsules was beneficial in the present study in augmenting the action of topical diclofenac by shortening the duration of recovery and lowering the rate of recurrence [on/off] phenomenon, but needs further studies