ABSTRACT
Aims: The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of herbal supplement on laying performance and antioxidant status of serum and egg yolk of laying birds. Study Design: The experiment employed a completely randomised design, all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance, P =0.05. Methodology: A total of ninety-six (26-week old laying birds) of Isa-brown laying birds were used in a 120-day feeding trial. The birds were assigned to 4 dietary treatments replicated eight times with 3 hens per replicate and were fed the control diet and diets supplemented with 5 g/kg garlic powder, 5 g/kg moringa leafmeal and 5 g/kg ginger powder as diets 2,3,4, respectively. The birds were fed with experimental diets for the 120-day period during which data were obtained on laying performance, internal and external egg qualities and antioxidant status of serum and egg yolk. Results: There was no significant difference in hen day production, feed intake in birds fed control diet and diets supplemented with herbs. Final live-weight and weight change decreased (p<0.05) with dietary herbal supplementation. Supplementation of diets with herbs resulted in a significant increase in egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell surface area compared to the control diet. The yolk weight and albumen weight were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the dietary herbal supplement. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in the dietary herbal supplement and was maximised (288 µml-1) at diet 3 likewise, the egg yolk superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased (p<0.05) in the dietary herbal supplement and was maximised (9.21 µml-1) at diet 3. Conclusion: Diet supplemented with 5 g/kg moringa leafmeal gave optimum performance, 5g/kg moringa leafmeal may be used as feed additive to improve performance, egg qualities characteristics and antioxidant status of serum and egg yolk of laying birds.
ABSTRACT
Background: The study aims to highlight common indications as well as outcome of treatment among patients with tracheostomy in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A review of clinical records of all patients with tracheostomy over a period of ten years (2002-2011), using the Theatre, Ward, ICU and the emergency register after approval from the ethical review committee. Data retrieved included; demographic profile, primary diagnosis, indication for tracheostomy, surgical technique, hospital admission and care outcome of management. All information retrieved input and analysed using an SPSS version 17.0 and data analyzed descriptively. Results: Seventy-six patients had complete data for analysis, age range from 1-89yrs, and mean age of 41.9yrs. There are 48males and 28 females with M:F ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of the patients were in the 3rd5th decade. About 47.4% had temporary tracheostomy. The commonest indication for tracheostomy is upper airway obstruction secondary to aerodigestive tract tumors in 60.5%, then trauma in 26.3%. The complications are higher among the under tens'. Out of the 36 temporary tracheostomy only 18 were successfully decannulated. The mean hospital stay was 22±2days. Overall 15% mortality was recorded. Conclusion: Common reason for tracheostomy is essentially same earlier documentation in developing countries, common among males, emergency type still most common, neoplasm, prolonged intubation and trauma are the commonest indications, its complication is still high among the under tens'. The outcome is good with 15% mortality due to the primary disease and not from tracheostomy