Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome p450 [2C19] enzyme in Iranian Turkman ethnic group

Different findings indicate that CYP2C plays a clinical role in determining interindividual and interethnic differences in drug effectiveness. The ethnic differences in the frequency of CYP2C19 mutant alleles continue to be a significant study topic. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of allelic variants of CYP2C19 in Turkman ethnic groups and compare them with the frequencies in other ethnic populations. The study group included 140 unrelated healthy ethnic Turkman subject referred to the Health Center. Genotyping of CYP2C19 alleles [CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2, and CYP2C19*3 alleles] was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique. The allele frequency of CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 were 56.43%, 23.57% and 20%, respectively. The result also showed that 39.7% of subjects expressed the CYP2C19*1/*1 genotype. While 42.1%, 9.3%, 9.3% and 1.4% expressed CYP2C19*1/*2, CYP2C19*1/*3, CYP2C19*2/*2 and CYP2C19*3/*3 genotypes, respectively. The genotype CYP2C19*2/*3 was not expressed in this study population. The findings suggested that 10% of subjects were poor metabolizers by expressing CYP2C19*2/*2 and CYP2C19*3/*3 genotypes. Fifty one percent of subjects were intermediate metabolizers having CYP2C19*1/*2, CYP2C19*2/*3 and CYP2C19*1/*3 genotypes and 37.86% were found to be extensive metabolizers expressing CYP2C19*1/*1 genotype. The frequency of intermediate metabolizers genotype was high [51%] in Turkman ethnic groups. This study showed that the determined allelic variants of CYP2C19 [CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 mutations] in Turkman ethnic group are comparable to other populations. These findings could be useful for the clinicians in different country to determine optimal dosage and effectiveness of drugs metabolized by this polymorphic enzyme

Serum copper concentration in neural tube defects pregnancies in Gorgan-northern Iran: a case control study

To determine an association between copper deficiency and neural tube defects in Northern Iran, which is reported to have a high prevalence of neural tube defects. This hospital based case control study was conducted on 13 mothers with newborns having neural tube defects and 35 healthy controls mothers in Northern Iran during 2005-2006. Serum copper was measured by spectrophotometery. Serum copper level in mothers with NTD affected newborns and mothers with normal newborns was 15.9 +/- 6.1 micromol/litter and 15.2 +/- 6.2 micromol/litter, respectively. Overall 15.4% of mothers in case group and 25.7% of mothers in control group had copper deficiency. Logistic regression analysis showed no association between the presence of NTD and copper deficiency [OR =0.5, 95% Cl: 0.05-3.2]. This study showed that there is no association between the presence of neural tube defects [NTD] and copper deficiency

Serum copper concentration in newborns with neural tube defects in northern Iran; a case control study

This study was conducted to determine the eventual association between copper deficiency in newborns with neural tube defects [NTD] in Northern Iran. A high prevalence of neural tube defects has been reported from this region. This hospital based case control study was carried out on 13 newborns having neural tube defects and 35 healthy controls in Northern Iran during 2005-2006. Serum copper was measured by spectrophotometery. Serum copper level in newborns with NTD and healthy normal newborns was 16.5 [ +/- 7.2] micro mol/l and 16.7 [ +/- 6.6] micro mol/l, respectively. In case group 38.5% of newborns and in control group 28.6% had copper deficiency. Logistic regression analysis showed no association between the presence of NTD and copper deficiency [OR:1.6, 95% CI=0.3-7.1, P=0.5]. This study showed no association between NTD and copper deficiency in newborns

response rate to hepatitis B vaccine in under one-year children in Gorgan, Iran

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways in preventing the hepatitis B viruse. This study was done to evaluate the response rate to hepatitis B vaccine in under one-year children in Gorgan, Iran. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 215, children of 7-12 month of age [55.3% male, 44.7% female], in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2006. These subjects already had received the three-time vaccination against hepatitis B. Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc and HBsAg level of these children serum were determined, using ELISA technique. In 30 [14%] subject's serum, there was not detected any antibodies against the viruses. Out of 185 children positive for HBS, 4 cases belong to HBC viruses. As a whole, 86% of the samples, had more than ten international unit of HBS. The mean +/- +/- D of the titred antibodies in male and female were 158.84 +/- 12 and 187.55 +/- 13.83 respectively. The response not to three-times vaccination in male and female were 84% and 89.9% respectively. This study showed that in spit of vaccination, there are cases with virus-contamination. The reasons for absence of any response to the vaccination in some of this children can be due to deficiency in the immune system, improper genetic background which can not be stimulated by that vaccination, inadequate proper conditions for the preservation of vaccine, and the type vaccine used. Also the procedure of vaccine inoculation, the vaccine preservation condition and transportation should be taken into considertion