ABSTRACT
Background: This descriptive study sought to assess the relation of anxiety, depression, and happiness with binge eating disorders [BED] among overweight and obese individuals
Methods: To conduct this study, 200 individuals who referred to Nutrition Clinics in Isfahan, were selected randomly. They were asked to complete some questionnaires which were then scored according to Gormally scale. Respondents with scores of 17 and higher were selected as BED and entered the study. Final sample size consisted of 120 participants [28 men and 92 women]. The management tools were Gormally et al.'s, the Oxford Happiness, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Kettel anxiety questionnaires
Results: Statistical assessment consisted of descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regressions, and Fisher's Z test. Results showed that BED had significant and linear correlations with depression [r = 0.51], happiness [r = 0.27], and anxiety [r = 0.24] [all P < 0.01]. Depression as the only included factor for analysis explained 25% of the analysis variance. Although, BED had a positive correlation with depression, anxiety, and happiness among men [P < 0.05] and women [P < 0.01], it did not have any association with either of the three mentioned factors [Z = 0.50, Z = -1.15, and
Z = 0.62, respectively]. It was shown that depression, anxiety, and absence of happiness had important roles in the process of weight reduction among applicants of weight loss
Conclusions: Anxiety and depression lead to over-eating and over-eating inturn reinforces both depression and anxiety
ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes [T2D] is approximately twice as much as healthy people. This study was designed to determine the effect of L-arginine supplementation on blood pressure in patients with T2D
Methods: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 75 T2D were randomly divided into three groups [3 g/d and 6g/d of L-arginine and placebo] for 3 months. Height, weight, waist circumference, dietary intake, and blood pressure [BP] were measured before and after intervention
Results: In patients who received 3g/d L-arginine, no significant difference was observed between BP before and after the intervention, however, subgroup analysis among patients with high BP showed significant reduction in systolic [P = 0.036] and diastolic BP [P = 0.027] after L-arginine supplementation. After 3 months of intervention, systolic and diastolic BP were significantly different compared to the baseline values and also with placebo value in patients receiving 6g/d of L-arginine [P < 0.05]
Conclusions: The daily intake of 6g of L-arginine for 3 months in T2D may improve BP. Taking 3g/d of this supplement may help to improve BP only in patients with hypertension
ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome [MetS] is increasing worldwide. Limited data are available trying to compare different definitions suggested to identify MetS. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of MetS and its components based on currently available international and Iranian national definitions
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 amongfemale teachers residing in Yazd city. Demographic data and information on physical activity, participants, education, economic statusand number of deliveries were gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and serum lipid profile were assessed according to standard procedures. MetS was defined based on international diabetes federation [IDF], national cholesterol education program; adult treatment panel III [NCEP, ATPIII], and Iranian national definition
Results: A total number of 450 participants aged 40.60 +/- 8.25 y were included in this analysis. Prevalence of MetS based on ATPIII definition, IDF definition, and Iranian modified definition were 39.11%, 40.89%, and 31.11%, respectively. Prevalence of MetS among women aged over 50 y was more than those aged 20-50 y [P < 0.001]. Based on different definitions, women with higher physical activity had lower prevalence of MetS [base on ATPIII, P = 0.036]. Prevalence of MetS also was higher in women with more deliveries [for three definitions, P < 0.001]
Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS was high in female teachers living in central province of Iran. It seems that ATPIII and Iranian national criteria can better represent the differences in the prevalence of MetS. Large scale prospective studies are recommended to confirm our results
ABSTRACT
Many studies have focused on male infertility. There is limited evidence about the influence of nutrition on quality of semen. Approximately, 30-80% of infertility cases are caused by oxidative stress and decreased level of seminal total antioxidant capacity. This study was aimed to review the effects of oral antioxidant supplements on improving major semen parameters such as sperm concentration, motility, morphology, DNA damage, and fertility rate. Data were extracted from PubMed and Google scholar database by using the terms "antioxidant", "multivitamin", "carnitine", "CoQ10", "vitamin C", "vitamin E", "zinc", "folic acid", "N-acetyl cysteine" and "selenium" combined with "male infertility", "semen", and "sperm" to generate a set of relevant citations. Supplements such as CoQ10 and alpha-tocopherol significantly improve sperm count. Also, carnitine has positive effects on sperm motility and morphology. Simultaneous administration of vitamin E and vitamin C reduces the sperm DNA damage. However, in some studies, one or more factors have not changed substantially. In most of the studies, antioxidant supplementation improved the number, motility, morphology and sometimes DNA integrity of sperm. The present study showed that antioxidant supplements, especially a combination of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and CoQ10 intake can effectively improve semen parameters in infertile men
ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a multifactorial, metabolic disorder. Characteristics are chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on visfatin, adiponectin, and anthropometric indices in PCOS women. The study was a randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. It was conducted on 84 women with polycystic ovary syndrome [26.92 +/- 5.05 years, BMI=31.69 Kg/m[2]] who referred to the fertility and infertility research center and Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd. After the examination, evaluation and paramedical assessment by obstetrician, they were recruited. They took 3 capsules of omega-3 [each one contained 180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA] or placebo [each contained 1 g paraffin] daily for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was paired T-test and student T-test, and a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. After the intervention, visfatin concentration did not change in neither groups. But, at the end of the study, the mean of adiponectin concentration increased [p<0.001] in omega-3 group. Moreover, the mean of changes in this factor was significantly different between groups [p<0.005]. FSH did not change in two groups of the study. However, the mean of LH decreased about 1.74 mlU/ml in omega-3 group [p<0.005]. The mean of change of LH/FSH ratio between groups was significant [p<0.05]. After the intervention, prolactin did not meaningfully change in both groups. Our results showed that 8 weeks of supplementation of omega-3 may have some beneficial effects on PCOS biochemical characteristics such as LH, LH/FSH, and adiponectin
ABSTRACT
There is some evidence regarding the effect of poly unsaturated fatty acid intake on androgen levels and gonadal function in polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]. This study was conducted to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on sex hormone-binding protein [SHBG], testosterone, free androgen index [FAI] and menstrual status in women with PCOS. This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 overweight/obese women with PCOS. Participants were randomized to receive omega-3 [3gr/day] or placebo for 8 weeks. Data about weight, height and nutrient intake as well as blood samples were collected before and after intervention. Serum concentrations of testosterone [nmol/L] and SHBG [nmol/L] were measured. FAI was also calculated as the ratio of testosterone to SHBG. Seventy eight patients [age: 26.92 +/- 5.46 yrs, Body Mass Index: 31.69 +/- 4.84 Kg/m[2]] completed the study. There was no significant difference in mean age, weight, height, Body Mass Index and intake of energy, and macronutrients between 2 study groups before and after treatment. All the participants had irregular periods. After the trial the percentage of regular menstruation in the omega-3 group was more than the placebo group [47.2% vs.22.9%, p=0.049]. Furthermore, testosterone concentration was significantly lower in the omega-3 group compared with placebo, after supplementation [p=0.04]. SHBG and FAI did not change in either group. Omega-3 supplementation could reduce serum concentrations of testosterone and regulate menstrual cycle without significant effect on SHBG and FAI. Future studies with longer period of supplementation are warranted