Assessment Of Gingival Phenotype At The Aesthetic Zone In A Malay Population Using Probe Test

@#Introduction: The gingival phenotype (GP) of teeth at the aesthetic zone often influences dental rehabilitation plans and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of GP in the Malay population in relation to gender and age. Methods: The GP of 100 patients were determined using the Probe test method. Other clinical parameters were assessed include crown width/crown length (CW/CL) ratio, tooth morphology and width of keratinised tissue. Periodontal parameters were assessed by two calibrated examiners. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: A higher prevalence of thick GP was found at the maxilla for both genders, whereas a thin phenotype was observed at the mandible. At maxilla, both thick and thin GP were found in all age groups, while the mandible showed a higher prevalence of thin GP. Significant differences in GP were found between males and females for mandibular and maxillary anterior teeth and the mandibular lateral incisor (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found for other parameters assessed; age group, CW/CL, tooth morphology and WKT. Conclusion: Thicker GP is more prevalent in male population and at maxillary anterior. Mandibular anterior GP presented commonly with a thin GP regardless of gender or age-group.

Assessment of dialysis adequacy using urea reduction ratio and KT/V in four pediatric hemodialysis centers in Baghdad

Background: The 21[st] century has been set to enhance dialysis adequacy. Numerous studies have confirmed the association between the delivered dose of hemodialysis and patients outcomes. There is thus some evidence regarding the relationship between dialysis dose and quality of life

Objective: To assess dialysis adequacy using [Urea Reduction Rate and KT/V], and to determine the association between dialysis dose and different Hemodialysis characteristics in children with End Stage Renal Failure undergoing Hemodialysis

Method: This was an observational cross-sectional study that was conducted for three months, from [November 2014 till January 2015]; we enrolled 50 children with End Stage Renal Failure in four hemodialysis centers in Baghdad. Samples for blood urea [predialysis and postdialysis] were drown to calculate the adequacy dose

Results: Thirty two [64%] of patients were male and 18 [36%] were females; with male to female ratio was [1.7:1].The mean urea reduction ratio and Kt/V were 59.63 +/- 7.345% and 1.29 + 0.275, respectively, with fair dialysis adequacy .A Kt/V less than 1.2 and a urea reduction ratio less than 65% were found in 42%, and 38% of the hemodialysis patients, respectively. There was a significant correlation between dialysis dose and [Blood flow rate, Dialysis hours, Dialysis frequency /week and Effective surface area], while there was insignificance correlation with [gender, age, volume of ultrafiltration

Conclusion: Our results were better than neighbor countries with fair dialysis adequacy. It is important to regularly measure the parameters of dialysis adequacy in order to assess whether targets are achieved in accordance with K/DOQI guidelines

Natural history of symptomatically treated children with cystinosis

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of lysosomal transport of cystine. Nephropathic [infantile] cystinosis is the most common and the most severe clinical expression of the disease. To highlight the natural history of symptomatically treated children with cystinosis. A retrospective study was done on cystinotic patients who were diagnosed and treated symptomatically in children welfare teaching hospital in Baghdad from period Jun 2002 -July 2011. Twenty nine patients, 19 [66%] males and 10[34%] females who were diagnosed as cystinosis and treated symptomatically were included in the study; their ages ranged between [0.6 -12] years median 4 years. The age of onset of symptoms of tubular dysfunction ranged from [0.3-3.5 yrs] median [1.1 yrs.], positive family history of cystinosis was found in 11[37.9%] cases and parents were consanguineous in 25 [86.2%] families. All patients presented with history of polyuria, polydypsia, anorexia, vomiting, constipation and failure to thrive. Rickets was found in 22[75%] and photophobia was found in 19 [65.5%] patients. Follow up data showed renal insufficiency in eighteen patients [62%] at a median age of 9[4-12] years, hypothyroidism diagnosed in one patient [3.44%] at the age of 11 years, six [20.68%] patients died, three [10.3%] patients secondary to renal failure. Cystinosis causes extensive morbidity and death in childhood and because of high rates of consanguineous marriages in our society, we encourage a high index of suspicion in infants presenting with fluid and electrolyte loss aiming at early diagnosis and treatment of cystinosis. Leukocyte cystine levels is still needed to be available to confirm diagnosis in infants who have negative ocular examination .and to win in the fight against this terrible disease cysteamine treatment need to be available for these patients

Acute renal failure in neonates

Acute renal failure [ARF] is a common problem in admitted neonates in intensive care units. In most patients ARF accompanies with a predisposing factor such as sepsis, heart failure, perinatal asphyxia or prematurity. This study was to determine the causes and outcome of ARF in hospitalized newborn. In a descriptive cross sectional study we evaluated neonates with ARF who had been hospitalized in Children welfare teaching Hospital from July 2009 to july2010. There were 50 cases diagnosed as ARF in 2500 hospitalized neonates [2%].The male to female ratio in patients with ARF was 3.16:1. Most of involved patients were term 35[70%]. The prevalence of renal, pre renal and post renal causes of ARF was 29 [58%], 15[30%] and 6[12%] respectively. The most common predisposing factors for ARF in our study was sepsis 28[56%], genitorenal anomalies 15[30%], perinatal asphyxia 3[6%], drug toxicity in 3[6%]. One patient [2%] had respiratory distress syndrome. Among admitted neonates with ARF 6[12%] died and it was significantly higher in patients with sepsis [P<0.05]. ARF is a common emergency entity, physicians play a critical role in recognizing early ARF, preventing iatrogenic injury, and reversing the course of ARF

Geography and host distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Tarim Basin / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the infective status and natural distribution of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever (XHF; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, CCHF) in ticks, rodents and livestock in the Tarim Basin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The pathogenic materials of ticks or rodents' viscera and blood samples of sheep were inoculated into sucking mouse of 24 to 48-hour old. Materials with typical clinic symptoms were identified with RPHA and IFA. RT-PCR was taken to detect special S gene segment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in the objective material.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the samples of ticks, rodents' viscera and blood samples of sheep from 21 counties (cities) in the Tarim Basin were divided into 422 groups and inoculated into sucking mouse at laboratory. 49 materials with typical clinic symptoms were obtained. The morbidity rate with typical clinic XHF was high in Bachu, Yuli, Yutian and Ruoqiang. There were 43 samples identified with RPHA with 6 positive samples and positive rate of 1.4%. The materials with positive RPHA were found in Yuli, Luntai and Yutian. 42 samples were identified with IFA and 13 positive samples with the positive rate of 3.1%. The positive materials of IFA were found in Bachu, Yuli, Minfeng, Luntai and Yutian. 32 samples were detected with RT-PCR and there were 31 samples with special S gene segment of CCHFV (329- 548 nt). The positive materials was widely distributed in Aksu, Awat, Bachu, Luopu, Yuli, Minfeng, Qiemo, Ruoqiang, Luntai and Yutian. The highest infective rate was in Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi, and followed by sheep. S gene segment was detected in viscera of M. meridianus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>XHF relied on the river in the southern part of Xinjiang and distributed in the areas with Populus euphratica shrub in desert and oasis in the Tarim Basin. The main vector and host were Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi. Livestock such as sheep, camel, L. yarkandensis, M. meridianus and Euchoreutes naso could serve as the deposited host of XHF.</p>