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1.
Psicol. esc. educ ; 24: e193928, 2020. graf
Article in Portuguese | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1135873

ABSTRACT

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar as representações sociais sobre inclusão de jovens com deficiência intelectual (DI) no segmento de ensino médio (EM), na perspectiva de Jovens Nativos na Pedagogia de Orientação Inclusiva (JNPOI), matriculados numa escola pública de ensino médio de Planaltina, Brasília-DF. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritivo-interpretativa. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da aplicação do questionário de Livre Associação de Palavras a 186 jovens, dentre os quais, sete tinham DI. Realizamos a análise prototípica desses dados com ajuda do software Iramuteq. Os resultados sugerem que subjacente a uma representação social plenamente favorável à inclusão de pessoas com DI, no segmento de EM, está a busca por afirmar uma identidade compatível com normas, princípios constitucionais e procedimentos jurídicos que condenam firmemente a expressão do preconceito e das atitudes discriminatórias.


En la presente investigación se tuvo por objetivo analizar las representaciones sociales sobre inclusión de jóvenes con deficiencia intelectual (DI) en el segmento de enseñanza secundaria (EM), en la perspectiva de Jóvenes Nativos en la Pedagogía de Orientación Inclusiva (JNPOI), ingresados en una escuela pública de enseñanza secundaria de Planaltina, Brasília-DF. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptivo-interpretativa. Se obtuvo los datos a partir de la aplicación del cuestionario de Libre Asociación de Palabras a 186 jóvenes, entre los cuales, siete tenían DI. Realizamos el análisis prototípico de esos datos con ayuda del software Iramuteq. Los resultados sugieren que subyacente a una representación social plenamente favorable a la inclusión de personas con DI, en el segmento de EM, está la búsqueda por afirmar una identidad compatible con normas, principios constitucionales y procedimientos jurídicos que condenan firmemente la expresión del preconcepto y de las actitudes discriminatorias.


This research aimed to analyze social representations on the inclusion of young people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the high school (HS) segment, from the perspective of Young Natives in Inclusion-Oriented Pedagogy (YNIOP) attending a public high school in Planaltina, Brasília-DF. It is a qualitative, descriptive-interpretative research. Data were obtained from the application of the Free Word Association Questionnaire to 186 young students, among which seven had ID. We prototyped this data with the help of the Iramuteq software. The results suggest that, underlying a social representation that is fully favorable to the inclusion of people with ID in the HS segment, there is the search for the affirmation of an identity compatible with norms, constitutional principles and legal procedures that strongly condemn expressions of prejudice and discriminatory attitudes.


Subject(s)
Mainstreaming, Education , Education, Primary and Secondary , Intellectual Disability
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(4): 737-745, Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038572

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Most cardiovascular abnormalities in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been associated with myocardial damage directly caused by the virus. Some cases, however, may be associated with adverse effects from antiretroviral therapy (ART). New ventricular function assessment techniques are capable of detecting early changes in the cardiac function of HIV-infected patients using or not using ART. The usefulness of these techniques has been little employed in these patients. Objectives: To investigate the potential influence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the occurrence of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction evaluated by myocardial strain rate analysis using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2-D Echo) in treated HIV patients compared to untreated patients and healthy individuals. Methods: Sixty-eight HIV-infected patients with no cardiovascular symptoms, normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (> 0.55 on 2-D Echo) were divided into three groups: 11 patients not using antiretroviral therapy (NT), 24 using protease inhibitor (PI) and 33 using non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). We also studied 30 normal non-HIV infected individuals (Ctrl). Demographic, clinical, biochemical and anthropometric data were collected. Preliminary transthoracic echocardiography included study of myocardial strain using two-dimensional speckle tracking. We studied strain and strain rate in the seventeen left ventricular (LV) myocardial segments in the longitudinal, circumferential and radial axes. Statistical analysis of the data was done with IBM SPSS - version 20 for Windows. Upon analysis of the data, namely the normality of independent variables in the different groups and the homogeneity of the variances between the groups, Kruskal-Wallis' non-parametric test was done, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison tests to test the significance of the differences between the values measured in the study groups. A significance level of 5% was adopted for decision-making on statistical tests. Results: The mean age of HIV patients was 40 ± 8.65 years and the mean age of controls was 50 ± 11.6 years (p < 0.001). Median LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) of NT patients (-17.70%), PI patients (-18.27%) and NNRTIs (-18.47%) were significantly lower than that of the Ctrl group (-20.77%; p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in mean SLG between treated patients (PI, NNRTI) and untreated (NT) patients. No significant differences were observed in mean circumferential and radial strain, nor on circumferential and radial strain rates between the NT, PI, NNRTI and Ctrl groups. Conclusion: The data suggest that HIV patients present, on myocardial strain measured by speckle tracking, signs of early LV systolic dysfunction that seem to be unrelated to the presence of ART. The prognostic significance of this condition in these patients deserves further studies.


Resumo Fundamento: A maior parte das alterações cardiovasculares dos pacientes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) tem sido associada ao dano miocárdico causado diretamente pelo vírus. Alguns casos, porém, podem estar associados a efeitos adversos da terapia antirretroviral (TARV). Novas técnicas de avaliação da função ventricular são capazes de detectar modificações precoces na função cardíaca do paciente infectado pelo HIV em uso ou não de TARV. A utilidade dessas técnicas tem sido pouco empregada nesses pacientes. Objetivos: Investigar possível influência da terapia antirretroviral (TARV) na ocorrência de disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda subclínica avaliada pela análise da taxa de deformação miocárdica (strain) por meio do speckle tracking ao ecocardiograma bidimensional (E2D) em pacientes portadores do HIV tratados, comparados com pacientes não tratados e indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Sessenta e oito pacientes infectados pelo HIV assintomáticos do ponto de vista cardiovascular, com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) normal (>0,55 pelo E2D) foram divididos em três grupos: 11 pacientes sem tratamento antirretroviral (ST), 24 em uso de inibidor de protease (IP) e 33 em uso de inibidor de transcriptase reversa não nucleosídeo (ITRNN). Foram estudados também 30 indivíduos normais não infectados pelo HIV (Ctrl). Foram coletados dados demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos e antropométricos. A ecocardiografia transtorácica foi realizada incluindo no estudo inicial o estudo da deformação miocárdica pela técnica bidimensional (speckle tracking). Estudamos o strain e a sua taxa de deformação (strain rate) nos dezessete segmentos miocárdicos do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) nos eixos longitudinal, circunferencial e radial. A análise estatística dos dados foi feita com o programa IBM SPSS - versão 20 para Windows. Depois de analisados os dados, nomeadamente a normalidade das variáveis independentes nos diferentes grupos e a homogeneidade das variâncias entre os grupos, decidiu-se utilizar o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis seguido dos testes de comparações múltiplas pelo procedimento de Dunn, para testar a significância das diferenças entre os valores medidos nos grupos em estudo. Foi considerado o nível de significância de 5% para a tomada de decisão nos testes estatísticos realizados. Resultados: A média das idades dos pacientes com HIV foi de 40 ± 8,65 anos e a idade média dos controles foi de 50 ± 11,6 anos (p < 0,001). Os valores medianos do strain longitudinal global do VE (SLG) dos pacientes ST (-17.70%), dos pacientes IP (-18.27%) e ITRNN (-18.47%) foram significativamente menores do que o grupo Ctrl (-20,77%; p = 0,001). Não houve diferença significante nos valores médios do SLGentre os pacientes tratados (IP, ITRNN) e não tratados (ST). Não foram observadas diferenças significantes nos valores médios do strain circunferencial e radial, nem nas taxas de deformação circunferencial e radial entre os grupos ST, IP, ITRNN e Ctrl. Conclusão: Os dados sugerem que pacientes com HIV apresentam, à análise da deformação miocárdica ao speckle tracking, sinais de disfunção sistólica incipiente do VE que parece não ter relação com a presença de TARV. O significado prognóstico dessa alteração nesses pacientes merece estudos futuros.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , HIV Infections/physiopathology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , Reference Values , Stroke Volume/physiology , Echocardiography/methods , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics, Nonparametric
3.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 21(1): 102-106, Jan.-Feb. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039181

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study was conducted to provide information on the genetic diversity of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) circulating in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil during 1996-2006, a period with two distinct outbreaks of B19V infection: 1999-2000 and 2004-2005. A total of 27 sera from patients with erythema infectiosum and five sera from HIV-infected patients that tested positive for B19V DNA during the study period were analyzed. To genotype B19V strains, a semi-nested PCR for partial amplification of the capsid gene was performed and sequence analysis revealed that 31 sequences belonged to subgenotype 1a (G1a) of the main genotype 1 and one sequence was characterized as subgenotype 3b (G3b). The phylogenetic tree supported the division of the G1a into two well-defined clades with 1.3% of divergence. The low diversity of the G1a strains may be explained by the fact that all patients had acute B19V infection and 30/32 sera were collected during two distinct outbreaks. The G3b strain was from an HIV-infected patient who seroconverted to anti-B19 IgG antibodies in September/2005. This is the first report of G3b in the state of Rio de Janeiro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Disease Outbreaks , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Erythema Infectiosum/epidemiology , Erythema Infectiosum/virology , Phylogeny , Brazil/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Erythema Infectiosum/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Genotype
5.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1775

ABSTRACT

A triagem e o tratamento das doenças infecciosas em gestantes são de grande importância para o planejamento de ações preventivas e a elaboração de políticas de saúde materno-infantil. Objetivo: Determinar a soroprevalência de toxoplasmose, sífilis, hepatite B, hepatite C, rubéola, citomegalovírus (CMV) e infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) em gestantes acompanhadas no Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói (RJ). Métodos: Foi feito um estudo transversal por meio de revisão de testes sorológicos registrados nos prontuários médicos de gestantes atendidas, de 2008 a 2012, no Ambulatório de Pré-Natal. Resultados: As prevalências encontradas foram: 61,4 (IgG) e 2,4% (IgM) para toxoplasmose; 95,1 (IgG) e 0,5% (IgM) para rubéola; 95,1 (IgG) e 1,2% (IgM) para CMV; 0,9% para hepatite B (HBsAg); 1,6% para hepatite C; 1,5% para sífilis; e 5,8% para infecção pelo HIV. Não houve, entre gestantes infectadas e não infectadas pelo HIV, diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas frequências das infecções estudadas. As taxas de transmissão vertical foram de 4,2% (2/48) para o HIV; 33,3% (5/15) para toxoplasmose; e 22,2% (2/9) para sífilis. Foram detectadas alterações compatíveis com rubéola congênita em 1/5 crianças cuja mãe apresentava IgM e IgG positivas para tal infecção durante a gestação. A coinfecção HIV/toxoplasmose ocorreu em uma criança. Conclusão: O número de gestantes susceptíveis à toxoplasmose (38,8%) e ao vírus da hepatite B (VHB) (66,3%) revela a necessidade de medidas diagnósticas e preventivas da toxoplasmose durante a gestação e vacinação para o VHB, visando diminuir o risco dessas infecções durante a gravidez, melhorando, assim, a saúde materno-infantil.


Screening and treatment of infectious diseases in pregnant women have great importance in planning preventive actions and development of maternal and child health policies. Objective: To evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, rubella, cytomegalovirosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among pregnant women followed up at a University Hospital of Niterói, RJ. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done by reviewing serological tests recorded in the medical records of pregnant women attending the antenatal service of the Hospital Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, from 2008 to 2012. Results: The seroprevalences found were 61.4 (IgG) and 2.4% (IgM) for toxoplasmosis; 95.1 (IgG) and 0.5% (IgM) for rubella; 95.1 (IgG) and 1.2% (IgM) for cytomegaloviruosis; 0.9% for hepatitis B surface antigen; 1.6% for hepatitis C virus; 1.5% for syphilis and 5.8% for HIV infection. There were no statistically significant differences between seroprevalences of patients with or without HIV infection. The rates of congenital transmission were 4.2% (2/48) for HIV, 33.3% (5/15) for toxoplasmosis, and 22.2% (2/9) for syphilis. There were congenital abnormalities in 1/5 newborn whose mother was seropositive for rubella IgG and/or IgM in the prenatal routine. Coinfection HIV/toxoplasmosis was found in one newborn. Conclusion: The large proportion of pregnant women susceptible to toxoplasmosis (38.8%) and hepatitis B (66.3%) shows the necessity of diagnostic and preventive measures for toxoplasmosis and HBV vaccination to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of these infections, thus improving the health of mother and newborn.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Cytomegalovirus , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , HIV , Measles , Syphilis/transmission , Toxoplasmosis/transmission , Coinfection , Hospitals, University , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Maternal and Child Health , Prenatal Care , Seroepidemiologic Studies
6.
Psicol. saber soc ; 4(1): 34-51, jan.-jun.2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-788806

ABSTRACT

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as representações sociais dosprofessores de ensino médio das escolas públicas de Brasília sobre a inclusão de alunos com deficiência intelectual (DI) e relacioná-la à formação desses professores. Trata-se de umapesquisa qualitativa, descritivo-interpretativa. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da aplicação do questionário de associação livre de palavras a 115 professores de 11 escolas públicas eprocedemos à análise prototípica desses dados com auxílio do software Evoc. Essa análise foi realizada inicialmente com todos os 115 professores e, posteriormente, apenas com aqueles que declararam ter formação em educação inclusiva. Concluímos que as representações sociais de professores estão objetivadas no binômio legítimo, porém, difícil. Assim, o aluno com DI érepresentado como especial, porém, imperceptível, discriminado e gera desafio e dificuldade para o professor, que se sente despreparado. Essa representação contrasta com a representação social específica de um subgrupo de professores que apresenta formação continuada em educação inclusiva. Para esse subgrupo, o aluno com DI é constituído de necessidades, mas também de potencialidades. Ele é representado como capaz e dificuldade. Os resultados indicam que a informação advinda do curso de formação é valorizada na representação social, contudo, ela adquire sentido não só em função dos elementos cognitivos, mas também dos elementos afetivos...


This study aimed at investigating the social representations of high school teachers from public schools of Brasilia about the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities and relate those representations with the training courses of these teachers. Our theoretical framework is based on Social Representations Theory and educational inclusion literature. We applied the free association questionnaire to 115 teachers from 11 public schools and proceed to the analysis of these empirical data using the software Evoc. This analysis was initially performedwith all 115 teachers and later, only with those who had training courses in inclusive education. Results indicated that teachers´ social representations is objectified in the binomial legal, however, difficult. Thus, students with intellectual disabilities are represented as special, however, imperceptible. They represent challenge and difficulty for teachers who feel unprepared and unmotivated to make changes. This representation contrasted, however, with the social representation of a specific subgroup of teachers who had specific training during under graduation in inclusive education. For this subgroup, students with intellectual disabilities consists of needs, but also of possibilities, so they were represented as capable and difficult. Results indicated that information from the courses is important in that social context, however, it made sense not only in terms of the cognitive but also to affective elements...


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Primary and Secondary , Intellectual Disability , Mainstreaming, Education , Psychology, Social
7.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 60(3): 262-269, May-Jun/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-713057

ABSTRACT

Objective: the detection rate of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is higher in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In an attempt to contribute to our epidemiological understanding of this coinfection and to investigate the activity of EBV in normal oral mucosa, we performed a cross-sectional study with HIV-positive patients. Methods: oral smears from 145 HIV-positive patients were collected between March 2010 and March 2011. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) were used to genotype EBV and to detect EBNA-2 expression, respectively. Results: EBV DNA was detected in 48.3% of the study participants, of whom 32.85% were EBV-1 and 45.71% were EBV-2 carriers. Additionally, 14.28% were coinfected with both types. EBNA-2 mRNA was expressed in 45.7% of the EBV -positive samples, including 20.0% with EBV-1 only, 20.0% with EBV-2 only and 1.4% with both genotypes. Immune status affected the overall EBV infection, and EBV-2 positivity was significantly correlated with sexual lifestyle of the participants. EBV co-infection with both viral types was dependent upon HIV viral load and the activity of the EBNA-2 gene. Conclusion: we report a high prevalence of active EBV in the oral mucosa of asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals. This study addresses the need for monitoring and treatment of HIV-infected patients with EBV reactivation. .


Objetivo: a taxa de detecção do vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) é alta em pacientes vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o entendimento epidemiológico e investigar a atividade do EBV na mucosa oral, foi realizado um estudo de coorte com pacientes HIV positivos. Métodos: esfregaços orais de 145 pacientes HIV positivos foram coletados entre março de 2010 e março de 2011. A reação de cadeia de polimerase (PCR) internalizada e a PCR reversa (RT-PCR) foram usadas para genotipar o EBV e detectar a expressão do EBNA-2, respectivamente. Resultados: o DNA do EBV foi detectado em 48,3% dos participantes, dos quais 32,85% eram portadores do EBV-1 e 45,71% de EBV-2. Adicionalmente, 14,28% eram co-infectados por ambos os tipos. O mRNA do gene EBNA-2 foi expresso em 45,7% das amostras positivas para EBV, incluindo 20% por EBV-1 somente, 20% por EBV-2 somente e 1,4% por ambos os genótipos. O estado imune afetou a infecção por EBV, e a positividade para EBV-2 foi significativamente correlacionada com o comportamento sexual dos participantes. A co-infecção por ambos os genótipos de EBV foi dependente da carga viral de HIV e da atividade do gene EBNA-2. Conclusão: registrou-se uma alta prevalência de EBV em atividade na mucosa oral de indivíduos assintomáticos soropositivos para HIV. O estudo focaliza a necessidade de monitoramento e tratamento de pacientes infectados por HIV com reativação pelo EBV. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , DNA, Viral/analysis , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , /isolation & purification , Mouth Mucosa/virology , RNA, Viral/analysis , Brazil , Coinfection , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/isolation & purification , Genotype , HIV Infections/complications , /immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(2): 168-173, abr. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705810

ABSTRACT

Immunocompromised patients may develop severe chronic anaemia when infected by human parvovirus B19 (B19V). However, this is not the case in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with good adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). In this study, we investigated the clinical evolution of five HIV-infected patients receiving HAART who had B19V infections confirmed by serum polymerase chain reaction. Four of the patients were infected with genotype 1a strains and the remaining patient was infected with a genotype 3b strain. Anaemia was detected in three of the patients, but all patients recovered without requiring immunoglobulin and/or blood transfusions. In all cases, the attending physicians did not suspect the B19V infections. There was no apparent relationship between the infecting genotype and the clinical course. In the HAART era, B19V infections in HIV-positive patients may be limited, subtle or unapparent.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Viral/blood , HIV Infections/complications , Parvoviridae Infections/immunology , /immunology , /isolation & purification , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Anemia/complications , Anemia/diagnosis , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Biomarkers/blood , Genotype , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Medication Adherence , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Parvoviridae Infections/complications , /genetics
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(3): 356-361, May 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-624017

ABSTRACT

Erythrovirus B19 (B19V) infection may cause red cell aplasia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the immune function of these patients by modifying the course of B19V infection. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of B19 seroconversion in a cohort of HIV-infected patients and evaluate the occurrence of B19V-related anaemia during the seroconversion period. Adult HIV-infected patients were studied at a public hospital in Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. IgG and IgM antibodies against B19V were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and B19 viraemia was assayed by polymerase chain reaction. Medical records were reviewed for any clinical evaluation of anaemia. Seroconversion was detected in 31.8% of the 88 individuals who began the study as anti-B19V IgG-negative. No clinical manifestations of B19V infection were detected during the period of seroconversion. Patients who seroconverted were 5.40 times more likely to have anaemia than those who did not [odds ratio 5.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.33-22.93)]. Anaemia was detected in eight patients. All patients recovered from anaemia by either beginning or continuing HAART, without requiring blood transfusions. In the HAART era, B19V infection may only be associated with a course of disease characterised by less severe chronic anaemia. This milder course of B19V-associated disease is likely due to the increased immune function of HAART-treated patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology , Anemia/virology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Parvoviridae Infections/immunology , /immunology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , DNA, Viral/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Polymerase Chain Reaction
10.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 16(2): 170-1174, May-Apr. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622739

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Compare the anti-T. gondii IgG titer between HIV-1 infected and non HIV-1 infected pregnant women and report three cases of congenital toxoplasmosis resulting from reactivation of infection during pregnancy of HIV-1 infected women. METHODS: This study was conducted among 2,270 pregnant women with chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection (absence of IgM and presence of IgG), including 82 HIV-1 infected and 2,188 non-infected women. RESULTS: The average anti-T. gondii IgG titer was 127 for the 2,188 non-HIV-1 infected women, and 227 for the 82 HIV-1-infected women (p = 0,007). These results suggested that higher anti-T. gondii IgG titers in HIV-1-infected pregnant women may not be indicative of an elevated risk for fetal infection. In this study three cases of congenital toxoplasmosis that resulted from infection reactivation during pregnancy of HIV-1-infected women were manifested by fetal death, symptomatic infection, and infant without symptoms, respectively. In two of these women, a ten-fold increase in IgG levels above used cutoff was observed (2,320 UI/mL and 3,613 UI/mL, respectively). In the third pregnant women anti-T. gondii IgG titers during pregnancy did not rise despite the occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis (204; 198; 172 UI/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Congenital toxoplasmosis resulting reactivation of infection during pregnancy in the studied group leads us to believe that it is a public health problem, especially in our population, in which seroprevalence of T. gondii infections is high. These findings also suggest that special attention is necessary during pregnancy, because the serologic diagnosis may not be indicative of toxoplasmosis reactivation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/transmission , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/immunology , Toxoplasmosis/immunology , Viral Load
11.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 14(2): 186-189, Mar.-Apr. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548472

ABSTRACT

We report the occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis in three infants born to HIV infected women who had high anti-toxoplasma IgG and negative IgM during pregnancy. We briefly reviewed available literature and discussed the possible transmission mechanisms of congenital toxoplasmosis among HIV infected pregnant women. Serum samples were tested for Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies using commercial enzyme immunoassay and IgG-avidity tests. In the first case, fetal death occurred at 28th week of gestation. In the second case, congenital toxoplasmosis was diagnosis at 6th month of life; and in the third case, an HIV-infected newborn, congenital toxoplasmosis was asymptomatic. These cases point out to the possibility of enhanced maternal-fetal transmission of T. gondii infection by HIV-infected women chronically infected, which may have important public health consequences, considering that increasing frequency of HIV-infection has been observed among women of childbearing age around the world.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/transmission , Antibody Affinity/immunology , Antigens, Protozoan/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/transmission
12.
NIterói; s.n; 2010. 179 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-695535

ABSTRACT

O parvovírus humano B19 (B19V) está relacionado a diferentes quadros clínicos, dentre eles a anemia crônica em pacientes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana(HIV). Objetivos: Determinar a soroprevalência de anticorpos IgG anti B19V; estabelecer a frequência da soroconversão para B19V, identificar a ocorrência de anemioa prolongada nos pacientes que apresentaram soroconversão...A prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti B19V foi influenciada apenas pela carga viral do HIV, sendo mais elevada nos pacientes com carga viral do HIV , 10.000 cópias/mL. Dos 88 (31,8%) pacientes suscetíveis ao B19V, 31,8% adquiriram a infecção, principalmente durante os períodos epidêmicos. A soroconversão para o B19V não foi influenciada pelas variáveis estudadas e estava fortemente associada à anemia na última amostra negativa para IgG anti B19V. Anemia prolongada ocorreu em pelo menos 28,6% dos pacieentes que apresentaram soroconversão. A presença de anemia prolongada, especialmente durante epidemia de B19V, deve alertar o médico para a possibilidade de infecção pelo B19V. Na era da terapia antirretroviral altamente potente, e consequentemente reconstituição imune, a infecção pelo B19V pode cursar com anemia prolongada de menor gravidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Anemia , HIV Seropositivity , HIV Seroprevalence , Parvoviridae Infections , Parvovirus , Seroepidemiologic Studies
13.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(6): 901-904, Sept. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529561

ABSTRACT

Parvovirus B19 (B-19) may cause chronic anaemia in immunosuppressed patients, including those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We studied single serum samples from 261 consecutive HIV-infected patients using an enzyme immunoassay to detect IgG antibodies to B-19. The seroprevalence of B-19-IgG was 62.8 percent. The differences in seroprevalence across gender, age, educational categories, year of collection of the serum samples, clinical and antiretroviral therapy characteristics, CD4+ count, CD4+ and CD8+ percentage and CD4+/CD8+ ratios were neither substantial nor statistically significant. There was a non-significant, inverse association between B-19 seropositivity and plasma HIV load and haemoglobin level. Our results indicated that 37.1 percent of patients might be susceptible to B-19 infection and remained at risk for being infected, mainly during epidemic periods. As B-19 infection can be treated with immune globulin preparations, it may be included in the diagnostic approach toward chronic anaemia in HIV-infected patients.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Parvoviridae Infections/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/virology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Viral/analysis , Prevalence , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Parvoviridae Infections/virology , /genetics , /immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Young Adult
14.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 19(2): 269-276, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-447583

ABSTRACT

Este artigo é resultado de um estudo qualitativo, baseado na Epistemologia Qualitativa, que visou promover reflexões acerca da depressão pós-parto, enfatizando os fatores psicossociais envolvidos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso sobre uma das participantes do grupo de apoio e orientação a mães com depressão pós-parto, desenvolvido na Universidade Católica de Brasília. Este grupo visou proporcionar um espaço de escuta emocional e apoio às puérperas, e foi campo para coleta de dados. Utilizou-se da técnica de completamento de frases, de técnicas projetivas, e de relatos apresentados nas sessões individuais e grupais para levantamento e construção de indicadores sobre a vivência da maternagem e da depressão pós-parto. O estudo deste caso forneceu-nos elementos para compreendermos o quão prejudicial pode ser o ideal de maternidade apresentado como natural e instintivo para mulheres que buscam satisfação absoluta na maternidade, configurando-se como um dos responsáveis pela instalação e manutenção da depressão pós-parto.


This article is the result of a qualitative study, based on Qualitative Epistemology, aimed to promote reflections on postnatal depression, emphasizing the psychological and social factors involved. This is a case study about one of the participants of a support group for mothers with postnatal depression, developed at the Universidade Católica de Brasília. The aim of this group was to provide a space of emotional listening and support, and it was a field for collecting data. The technique of completing phrases, projective techniques, and accounts presented in individual and group sessions were used for the survey and construction of indicators about the experience of maternity and postnatal depression. The study of this case gave us elements to understand how an ideal of maternity presented as natural and instinctive can be harmful for women that try to obtain absolute satisfaction in their experience of maternity, configuring this ideal as one of the responsible elements for the installation and maintenance of postnatal depression.


Subject(s)
Depression, Postpartum/psychology , Emotions , Mothers/psychology
15.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-342137

ABSTRACT

A case of malignant neoplasm is described in which the initial manifestations were mental dysfunction and meningeal irritation, mimicking chronic or subacute meningitis. Physical examination showed cranial nerve involvement and a pelvic tumor. There was progressive deterioration, and death occurred in 2 weeks. The autopsy revealed a gallbladder adenocarcinoma, meningeal carcinomatosis, and ovarian metastasis presenting as a Krukenberg tumor. The authors emphasize the importance of including meningeal carcinomatosis as a possibility in the differential diagnosis of non-characteristic clinical pictures, as well as the importance of the cerebrospinal fluid cytologic examination, repeated as needed, in order to confirm this diagnosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Gallbladder Neoplasms , Krukenberg Tumor , Meningeal Neoplasms , Ovarian Neoplasms , Fatal Outcome , Neoplasm Invasiveness
16.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 13(6): 49-53, 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-313655

ABSTRACT

Após as mudanças epidemiológicas ocorridas ao longo dos 20 anos da epidemia da infecçäo pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, a principal forma de aquisiçäo do vírus entre as crianças é pela transmissäo vertical, ou seja, da mäe infectada para o bebê


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , HIV , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Risk Factors , Risk Management , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
17.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 73(3): 281-90, Set. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-253557

ABSTRACT

Objetivo - Avaliar, as alterações cardíacas e sua evolução no decurso da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida e realizar correlação de dados clínicos e patológicos. Métodos - Foram estudados, prospectivamente, 21 pacientes entre 19 e 42 anos, (4 mulheres) internados com diagnóstico da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida e acompanhados até o óbito. Além dos exames de rotina, foram feitos ECG e ecocardiograma a cada 6 meses. Após o óbito, realizou-se estudo macro e microscópico. Resultados - As indicações mais freqüentes de internação foram: diarréia ou pneumonias de repetição, tuberculose, toxoplasmose ou sarcoma de Kaposi. Na avaliação cardíaca, mais freqüentemente, foram encontrados pericardite aguda ou crônica (42 por cento) e miocardiopatia dilatada (19 por cento). Quatro casos tiveram como causa mortis disfunções cardíacas, respectivamente, endocardite bacteriana, pericardite com derrame, miocardite bacteriana e infecção por Toxoplasma gondii. Conclusão - Algumas alterações cardíacas graves levaram ao óbito. Na maioria, houve boa correlação entre dados clínicos e anatomopatológicos. Avaliação cardíaca foi importante mesmo nos casos assintomáticos para se detectar alterações precoces e tratá-las convenientemente.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Heart Diseases/etiology , Electrocardiography , Heart Diseases/pathology , Prospective Studies
18.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 38(5): 323-7, set.-out. 1996. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-186871

ABSTRACT

No periodo de maio/94 a novembro/95, 24 casos de parvovirose humana foram atendidos no Servico de Doencas Infecciosas e Parasitarias do Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, Niteroi - RJ. Amostras sanguineas para a deteccao de IgM (ensaio imunoenzimatico por captura) foram positivas do primeiro ao vigesimo setimo dia apos o inicio do exantema. Os sinais e sintomas classicos do eritema infeccioso foram observados em 8 (33,3 por cento) dos casos e apenas em criancas. Oito pacientes (6 adultos e 2 criancas) apresentaram poliartropatia simetrica, vista mais frequentemente em mulheres. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que o diagnostico da parvovirose humana e dificil quando a doenca nao apresenta quadro clinico classico e, devido ao frequente envolvimento das articulacoes, tal infeccao deve ser considerada no diagnostico diferencial da artrite reumatoide na sua fase inicial


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Parvoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purification , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Brazil , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Outbreaks , Erythema Infectiosum/etiology
19.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 8(2): 4-14, jun. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-212898

ABSTRACT

Estudo retrospectivo de 73 pacientes portadores da Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) internados na Enfermaria de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias do Hospital Antônio Pedro, Niterói, Brasil, no período de 10 de abril de 1985 a 10 de abril de 1993. Destes 73 pacientes, 52 (71,2 por cento) possuíam evidências sorológicas de infecçäo pelo vírus da hepatite B. Baseando-se em uma revisäo da literatura sobre as internaçöes da SIDA com a hepatite B e com outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), foi feita uma análise do comportamento epidemiológico da hepatite B entre os 73 pacientes desta casuística. O autor destaca a importância de se pesquisar a hepatite B e outras DST em pessoas portadoras do VIH ou com SIDA, visando uma estratégia de profilaxia da hepatite B para estes pacientes, seja por uma educaçäo sanitária, seja por imunizaçäo ativa e passiva. Estudo da Hepatite B em portadores da SIDA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Hepatitis B , Liver/pathology , Hepatitis B virus , Biomarkers , Retrospective Studies , Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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