ABSTRACT
Background: Designing a valid and reliable questionnaire that allows a fair evaluation of sexual knowledge and attitudes and develop a proper sexual educational program is necessary
Objective: The present study was designed to develop and psychometric evaluation of the sexual knowledge and attitudes scale for premarital couples
Materials and Methods: An exploratory mixed method study was conducted in two phases; in the first, in order to develop a questionnaire an item pool was generated on sexual knowledge and attitudes through focus group discussions and individual interviews. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were examined. For this purpose, face validity, content validity as well as construct validity were conducted. Reliability was assessed by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient to assess internal consistency and test-retest reliability
Results: In the first phase an item pool with 88 questions was generated [sexual knowledge 45 items and sexual attitudes 43 items]. In the second phase, the number of final items reduced to 33 and 34 items of sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes respectively, through exploratory factor analysis [EFA]. Five factors for sexual knowledge and six factors for sexual attitudes identified by EFA. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for two sections was 0.84 and 0.81 respectively. The test- retest correlations for sexual knowledge and sexual attitude was 0.74 and 0.82 respectively
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale for Premarital Couples is a valid and reliable instrument. Further studies are needed to establish stronger psychometric properties for the questionnaire
ABSTRACT
The chronic diseases such as urinary incontinence could seriously affect health and consequently quality of life of women. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life in the patients who recently diagnosed with mixed urinary incontinence and candidate for surgical or medical treatment. This research was a semi experimental and interventional study aim to determine and compare quality of life in newly diagnosed mixed urinary incontinence patients were selected urology clinics of educational universities of medical science in Tehran. Patients selected by simple sampling method in two groups [50 in surgical treatment group and 50 in medical treatment group] and based on aim. Data was collected by three questionnaires including demographic data, diseases and treatment characteristics and questions about generic [SF-36] and specific [I-QOL] aspects of quality of life. Health related quality of life status measured through interview before intervention, 3, and 6 month after treatment. The SPSS-13 program was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as absolute, relative and average ranking sufficiency and also deductive statistics such as chi[2], paired t test, and Mann Whitney and repeated measurement analysis, used as well. Quality of life in all aspects was not statistically significant different before treatment in both groups with I-QOL and SF-36 scores. [P<0.05] .There were significant improvements in 3[th] and 6[th] month I-QOL and SF[36] scores [except for bodily pain] [P<0.001] after treatment for both methods [medical and surgical]. There were no statistically significant differences between two therapy methods after 3 and 6 month scores respectively [P=0.3, P=0.7]. The Findings showed that treatment [regardless of type of therapy] significantly improves the quality of life of the patients suffering from mixed urinary incontinence. Therefore, it seems levelheaded to consider medical treatment as the first treatment choice. This would reduce unwanted consequences resulting from hospitalization, as well as expenses
ABSTRACT
To compare the effect of twice weekly and daily iron supplementation during pregnancy on fetal hematologic and anthropometric indices. A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Imam Hospital prenatal clinic, sari, Iran. Two hundred and eighty one nonanemic pregnant women aged 18-35, with singleton pregnancy and normal BMI were randomly assigned to either daily [one 60 mg ferrous sulfate tablet per day] or weekly [one 60 mg ferrous sulfate tablet on Monday and Thursday] iron supplementation regimens from week 20 till delivery. Mothers were followed and Cord blood was sampled [130 samples from daily group and 151 samples from weekly group] to measure the Hemoglobin [Hb] and Ferritin concentrations. Data were analyzed using Student's t test and chi-square test. Two groups were not significantly different in terms of mother's age, education, job, number of term pregnancies, baseline BMI and Hb levels. The mean for Cord blood Hb concentration in daily and weekly groups were 14.65 [ +/- 0.18] and 14.42 [ +/- 0.16] g/1 respectively. Mean cord Ferritin concentrations were 158.34 [ +/- 24.6] for daily and 148 [ +/- 14.15] micro g/l for weekly group. Hb and Ferritin levels did not differ between two groups significantly [P=0.06 and P=0.51 correspondingly]. Birth weight and length in daily group were higher [P<0.0001 and P<0.007 in order of reference]. Since birth anthropometric parameters were more desirable in daily schedule, and knowing the influence of birth weight on neonate future health and survival, we suggest that twice weekly iron supplementation held in reserve for pregnant mothers who cannot tolerate the gastrointestinal side effects of daily iron intake